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Farming

Top biosecurity tips from a Welsh farmer on protecting cattle from TB

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A DAIRY farmer managing a chronic bovine TB breakdown has eliminated a major disease threat to his herd by no longer buying in cattle.

Michael Williams is one of 15 farmers involved in the Pembrokeshire TB pilot, a Welsh Government initiative which aims to develop additional measures for bovine TB control, over and above the statutory actions currently being used.

Sharing his progress with other farmers at a recent Farming Connect event, Mr Williams said there is much that every farmer can do to protect their herds from TB.

He has introduced multiple biosecurity measures, including running a closed herd.

He milks 150 cows on a robot milking system at Fagwrfran East, Puncheston, and had sourced cattle from livestock markets but this came with the risk of importing TB.

“We had already stopped buying in cattle before becoming part of this project but we have since become a truly closed herd, we don’t even buy a stock bull,’’ Mr Williams explained.

Cameras were installed to establish if badgers were coming into contact with cattle in the yard and housing and with food and water sources.

None were detected but there were obvious physical signs of activity in fields and on cow tracks.

One and a half miles of badger-proof fencing has since been erected along a hedge with a high number of setts and latrines, to separate these from the stock.

Mr Williams has introduced other measures too:

Creating a remote fallen stock area

The fallen stock collection point had been situated on a part of the farm which compelled a vehicle to cross the yard to collect carcasses.

This facility is now located in a contained area of a building that sits closest to the road and can be completely sealed off from wildlife.

Erecting electric fencing along the maize clamp

Although the farm has no feed bins vulnerable to wildlife, its open maize clamp is a potential risk at feeding out.

Mr Williams erected a simple deterrent, filling two redundant 20-litre dairy chemical drums with sand, placing these at each end of the clamp face and running polywire from one to the other, hooked up to a solar-powered energiser.

“This cost about £20, took ten minutes of my time and prevents badgers from interfering with the feed,’’ he said.

Restricting visitor numbers

Unplanned visits by sales representatives and others are now discouraged.

Visits are by appointment only and a sign has been placed at the farm entrance advising of this policy.

Vehicles coming onto the farm must be clean.

Draining unused water troughs

In-field drinking water troughs that are not used in the winter when the herd and youngstock are housed are drained and remain empty until turnout.

Water troughs in use are cleaned weekly.

Reducing reliance on farm contractors

Investment has been made in slurry application equipment to remove the need for hiring contractors for this job.

Keeping cattle accommodation walkways clean

The frequency that feed passages in the cattle housing are cleaned has increased to minimise the period that slurry pools in these locations.

Adopting the highest level of hygiene at calving 

Matting similar to cubicle bed mattresses has been laid in a dedicated calving pen to allow the floor to be thoroughly pressure washed and disinfected between calvings.

Providing footwear disinfection points

Containers of disinfectant solution are positioned around the yard to allow footwear to be disinfected in between contact with different classes of stock

Increasing intervals between slurry application and silage harvesting

Although Mr Williams operates a multi-cut silage system, he has increased cutting intervals from four weeks to five and applies slurry to the aftermath at the very earliest opportunity, the day after the grass has been collected from the field.

Other measures

In addition to rolling out biosecurity measures, Mr Williams has been culling animals which have been identified as at high risk of contracting or spreading TB, flagged up on a ‘risk rating’ list through an app developed for the Pembrokeshire TB pilot.

Any cow in the two highest risk categories – in this case red or amber – is sold as barren.

“Being more proactive with culling, choosing when an animal leaves the farm rather than being in a forced situation as a result of a TB test, is a better option in many ways,’’ said Mr Williams.

If an animal falls into a ‘yellow’ band, the lowest of the three risk categories, but is nonetheless a risk, she is bred to a terminal sire to ensure that no female replacements enter the herd.

In 2024, 35 of Mr Williams’ cows exited the herd based on risk rating results.

“There is short term pain in getting on top of the residual disease but I am confident that we will reap the rewards a few years down the line,’’ he maintains.

“If we can get down to two or three per cent risk rating, we will be in the realms of being on top of the disease rather than the disease being on top of the herd.’’

He believes this system is working.

“In December 2024 the risk rating was 7% compared to 11% in January 2024 so this is a start, we think culling is working.’’

Mr Williams also emphasised the importance of making time to discuss biosecurity and disease risks with the farm vet.

“Don’t do this while the vet is TB testing or on the farm for another reason, set aside a dedicated time to have a proper discussion,’’ he advised.

He credits his vet, Rhiannon Lewis, of Gwaun Vets, with supporting him through this process. “We have worked together on this,’’ he said.

PANEL

The Farming Connect event was hosted by Rhys Lougher at Ty Tanglwyst, a dairy farm near Pyle.

Mr Lougher’s 120-cow herd of pedigree Holsteins has been free of TB for many years.

He too has high levels of biosecurity and benefits from his farm being largely remote from cattle on other holdings and protected by hard boundaries including roads and limestone quarries.

Only sexed semen is used for breeding and no cattle have been bought in for 40 years.

Mr Lougher has his own slurry tanker and muck spreader to avoid use of contractors.

“A big part of our business is selling high health status, freshly calved, pedigree Holstein heifers to other dairy farms, the wish to continue to do this is our main driver for wanting to keep TB out of our farm,’’ he said.

 

Business

Welfare facilities to care for rare breed of pigs built without permission approved

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A CALL to allow a Pembrokeshire farm to keep welfare facilities to care for rare breed breeding Tamworth pigs has been given the go-ahead.

In an application to Pembrokeshire County Council, Sharron Nicolas, through agent Hayston Developments & Planning Ltd, sought a certificate of lawfulness permission for the creation of a welfare flat within a previously-approved agricultural building, plus a rear lean-to extension and the erection of two further sheds at Fairybank Fields Farm, Bethesda, near Clynderwen.

An application for a certificate of lawfulness allows an applicant to keep a development if they can provide proof of occupancy or use, without any enforcement taking place, over a prolonged period.

The previous agricultural building application was granted back in 2003.

A supporting statement accompanying the application said the two-level welfare unit in the 2003-granted shed “contains the necessary elements to allow overnight stays which are essential when the pigs are farrowing.”

It added: “Mr Allan and Mrs Sharron Nicholas have been owners of Fairybank Fields since 1998. Unfortunately, Mr Nicolas died in February 2025. Although managing the farm at Bethesda, they lived at Pleasant View, Cold Blow, Narberth meaning a round trip of some 12 miles per visit – a visit which was required on a daily basis because of the need to feed and generally care for their animals – which were and still are rare breed pigs together with a number of beef cattle.

“It is essential that the pigs require continuous care when farrowing or when there are other pressures on animal health. When such occasions occurred, it was the practice of Mr Nicholas to spend the night at the farm and to use the welfare provision.”

It said Mr Nicholas would have spent approximately three months’ worth of nights (circa 90 nights) staying over at Fairybank Fields – a period of some 12 years when the bedroom above had been created to late 2024 when his brother assisted Mrs Nicholas in caring for the pigs as Mr Nicholas was too ill.

It went on to say: “Whilst the principal activity at the Farm is the breeding of the rare breed, the Tamworth Pig of which there are only currently 290 breeding sows in the UK, Mr and Mrs Nicholas also have had beef cattle on their farm and Mrs Nicholas intends to re-start that element in 2026.”

An officer report recommending approval said a site visit had been undertaken finding no evidence of the unit being occupied as a separate residential dwelling, nor as a primary residence.

It said a range of evidence was submitted in support of the application, including a detailed timeline, aerial imagery and multiple witness statements “which consistently indicate that the rear extension to Building 1 was constructed circa 2008, Shed 2 was completed in September 2012 and Shed 3 was erected in 2015”.

It said historic aerial photographs and witness statements demonstrated “on the balance of probability, that the operational development was substantially completed well in excess of four years prior to the submission of the application and has not been subject to any material interruption,” considered to be lawful by virtue of immunity from enforcement action.

It was granted approval on that basis.

 

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Farming

Minister challenged over bovine TB action in Senedd

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A WELSH GOVERNMENT minister has defended his approach to tackling bovine TB after being accused of lacking ambition by Conservative farming spokesman Andrew RT Davies.

Mr Davies challenged Rural Resilience and Sustainability Minister Llyr Gruffydd in the Senedd on Tuesday (Jun 23), claiming the government’s latest position contained “lots of reviews” but “little substance”.

He warned that bovine TB remained a major concern for farming communities and urged the minister to bring forward a clearer plan to eradicate the disease.

Mr Davies said: “Bovine TB is devastating for the countryside, yet for the past 20 years those in power have let rural communities down.

“Plaid Cymru ministers must get a grip of officials. They must not be allowed to curtail ambition to tackle this terrible disease.”

He added that the Welsh Conservatives would support the minister if he brought forward a “positive vision” for tackling bovine TB.

Responding, Mr Gruffydd said the government needed to wait for advice from the technical advisory group before deciding its next steps.

He said: “They have been charged with bringing forward concrete proposals on the way ahead.

“I think we wait for the experts to speak; we look at the evidence, we look at the science that they provide us, and then we get a grip and take action.”

Bovine TB remains one of the most divisive issues in Welsh farming. Farmers have long argued that the disease causes major financial and emotional pressure, while governments have faced difficult decisions over cattle controls, testing, wildlife management and disease eradication policy.

The exchange comes as farming unions continue to call for stronger measures to reduce the spread of the disease, while ministers say future policy must be guided by evidence and expert advice.

 

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Farming

Clarkson diagnosis highlights health dilemma faced by farmers

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JEREMY CLARKSON’S prostate cancer diagnosis has highlighted a problem familiar to many farming families — what happens when serious illness collides with the daily demands of running a farm.

The presenter revealed in the latest series of Clarkson’s Farm that he had been diagnosed in 2025 with an aggressive form of prostate cancer. He has since confirmed that he is in remission.

But his comments about worrying that treatment would clash with a busy period on his Cotswolds farm have struck a chord with farmers across the country.

For many in agriculture, illness is not just a personal health crisis. It can also raise immediate questions about livestock, crops, machinery, bills, family income and who will carry out essential work if the farmer is forced to stop.

Bridgette Baker, a fifth-generation farmer from Montacute, near Yeovil, said the dilemma was one many farmers would recognise.

She said: “Farmers calculate how many days they would be off and think, ‘how far back in my jobs list am I going to be?’”

Miss Baker, 25, works on her family’s beef and arable farm at Windmill Farm. With no outside employees, she said covering daily duties during periods of illness could be extremely difficult.

She added: “Sometimes you’d think the priority is to get the treatment, but sometimes farmers like to put their farm first to get the jobs done.”

The issue is particularly serious in family-run farms, where the business, home and livelihood are often closely linked. A period of illness can affect not only the patient, but the whole family operation.

The Farming Community Network, which supports farming families, is working with Macmillan Cancer Support to improve help for those affected by cancer in rural communities.

The charity said farmers often faced barriers in accessing cancer services and support because of long working hours, rural isolation and the practical demands of farming.

A spokesperson for FCN said cancer could have a serious impact on a family business, especially where livestock needed immediate care or where the farm employed others.

They said: “That can have significant impacts on an individual and their families, including their housing and extended family situation or immediate welfare issues for livestock.”

Clarkson’s Farm, which launched in 2021, has become one of Amazon’s most successful factual entertainment series. It follows the former Top Gear presenter as he attempts to run Diddly Squat Farm in Oxfordshire, highlighting the financial pressures, red tape, weather problems and practical challenges facing British agriculture.

His diagnosis has now brought another farming issue into the public eye: the difficulty of putting health first when the land, animals and business cannot simply be paused.

Health charities continue to urge men to seek advice if they are concerned about prostate cancer, particularly if they are over 50, have a family history of the disease, or are at higher risk.

Farm support groups say the message is simple: farmers should not delay seeking medical help because of work pressures, and families should reach out for support before a health crisis becomes unmanageable.

 

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