Farming
Helping farmers tackle major parasitic disease in livestock
IMPROVED guidance and practical tools are required to help farmers to sustainably tackle the major problem of liver fluke infections in livestock, according to new research.
Scientists at Aberystwyth University have spoken in depth to farmers across Wales and say their early findings show there is a lot of uncertainty around managing this parasitic disease which affects the majority of sheep flocks and cattle herds in the UK.
Infections are believed to cost the UK livestock industry up to £300 million a year in reduced productivity levels, increasing mortality rates and veterinary costs.
In addition, there is growing resistance to the drugs used to treat the disease while changes in the climate are creating more favourable conditions where the parasite can thrive.
As part of a three-year project funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), researchers are developing new methods of controlling more effectively the parasitic worm which causes liver fluke.
They are pioneering the use of environmental DNA techniques to accurately detect the presence on farmland of mud snails which acts as an intermediate host between the parasite and livestock.
They are also carrying out close analysis of soil conditions on the farm to identify where the mud snail is most likely to live and thrive.
Principal Investigator Dr Rhys Aled Jones, from the University’s Department of Life Sciences, outlines the potential benefits of the research:
“Our aim is to develop sustainable, innovative strategies and provide farmers with better guidance and practical tools so they are better supported in their efforts to control liver fluke, which has become such a major problem on farms across Wales and the rest of the UK.
“If our research can help to control this parasite more effectively, there will be economic benefits through improved productivity as well as environmental benefits. Liver fluke is a harmful infection so there will be benefits too in terms of animal welfare and ensuring animals are healthy is one of the most effective ways of mitigating the environmental impact of livestock production systems.”
As part of the FlukeMAP project, launched in 2023, the University’s parasitologists and veterinary scientists have been working closely with 16 sheep farmers from across Wales.
Their extensive research has included carrying out in-depth interviews with the farmers, conducting comprehensive surveys assessing infection risks across farmland and monitoring infection levels in grazing sheep.
Several common themes have already emerged from analysis of the interviews and data gathered as part of the project, as Dr Gwen Rees from the Aberystwyth School of Veterinary Science explains:
“Liver fluke is a complicated disease, and the advice available to farmers from vets and industry is mixed and sometimes conflicting. Not surprisingly perhaps, we found there was a lot of uncertainty, with farmers often unsure about how to diagnose, when best to treat, where might be risky for infection and whether they had a fluke problem or not.
“As a result of their uncertainty around disease risk and how best to manage it, farmers often reported needing to use flukicides as a precautionary measure, but this can lead to flukicide resistance as well as medicine residues in the environment.”
Surveys assessing infection risk areas on farms further highlighted areas of uncertainty as Dr Rhys Aled Jones explains:
“Liver fluke risk is typically associated with wet condition. However, the timing and duration of these wet conditions are critical in determining infection risk. Our research also found strong links between soil characteristics, particularly pH and organic matter and the presence of the intermediate mud snail host which transmits liver fluke. These factors were rarely considered by farmers when assessing risk on land and this highlights a clear opportunity for improved guidance to support more accurate risk assessments.
“Accurately identifying fluke risk areas on farms can support more sustainable control strategies. These include optimising the use of diagnostic tests and treatments, and implementing targeted land and grazing management practices to reduce the likelihood of infection.”
Researchers are sharing their latest findings with an audience of farmers and industry representatives at the Royal Welsh showground on Wednesday 23 July).
Funded by the BBSRC and Aberystwyth University, FlukeMAP is a collaborative research project which brings together key partners including Farming Connect, the Welsh Veterinary Science Centre, the Farmers Union of Wales and Ridgeway Research.
Further information about the project is available on the University’s website: https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/rbi/research/research-in-action/helping-farmers-to-fight-liver-fluke/
Farming
Farmers raise concerns at west Wales hustings as Kurtz criticises Labour policy
Conservative candidate says farmers feel under pressure as parties battle over support, regulation and the future of Welsh agriculture
FARMERS from across the region raised concerns about rising costs, regulation and future support during an agricultural hustings in Aberaeron on Tuesday (Apr 14).
The event, jointly hosted by the Farmers’ Union of Wales, NFU Cymru and Ceredigion Young Farmers’ Clubs, brought together members of the farming community to question candidates on the challenges facing the sector ahead of the Senedd election.
Among those responding was Samuel Kurtz, Conservative candidate for Ceredigion Preseli Pembrokeshire, who said the mood in the room reflected growing frustration among farmers.
Mr Kurtz said: “The hustings made one thing very clear: farmers feel let down, ignored and under increasing pressure from Labour in Cardiff Bay and in Westminster.
“As the Shadow Minister for Rural Affairs, I have been warning for some time that the direction of travel is wrong. Farmers are being asked to do more and more with less and less support.
“Rising costs, burdensome regulation and uncertainty over future funding are placing real strain on farm businesses and family livelihoods.”
He said many in the industry were worried that current policies could undermine food production and place further strain on rural economies.
Mr Kurtz also raised concerns about long-term food security, saying farmers wanted stronger backing for domestic production and more confidence about the future.
He said: “Our farmers are the backbone of rural Wales. They produce our food, support local jobs and care for our countryside.
“But right now, too many feel that decisions by Labour, backed by Plaid Cymru and the Liberal Democrats, are being imposed on them rather than made with them.
“That has to change.”
The Welsh Conservatives say their proposals for the sector include an extra £100 million for the agriculture budget over the next Senedd term, placing food security and productivity at the heart of the Sustainable Farming Scheme, increasing the amount of Welsh food served in schools and hospitals, and moving away from an all-Wales NVZ policy in favour of a more targeted, catchment-based approach.
The party has also pledged to continue campaigning against the so-called family farm tax and to take stronger action on bovine TB in livestock and wildlife.
Mr Kurtz said: “We need a government that backs farmers, not one that creates barriers and uncertainty.
“We will continue to fight for a better deal for rural Wales and ensure that farmers’ voices are heard loud and clear.”
The hustings formed part of wider engagement with the agricultural sector during the election campaign, with farming remaining one of the key issues in rural parts of west Wales.
While Mr Kurtz used the event to attack Labour’s record in Cardiff Bay and Westminster, the discussion also reflected broader concern within the industry over funding, regulation and the future direction of farm policy in Wales.
Business
House plan for 25-acre Felindre Farchog farmland site
PLANS for a rural enterprise dwelling to support a Pembrokeshire horticultural business are being recommended for approval despite concerns from the local community council.
In an application recommended for approval at the April meeting of Pembrokeshire Coast National Park’s development management committee, Southern Roots Organics/Awen Organics, through agent Preseli Planning Ltd, seeks permission for a rural enterprise dwelling, track extension, and associated works at Eithin Farm, Felindre Farchog, near Nevern.
This application is being presented to the Development Management Committee as local community council Nevern has objected to the application raising material planning matters, contrary to the officer recommendation for approval.
An officer report says Eithin Farm comprises about 25 acres of agricultural land, with an additional seven acres to be rented by the applicants; the applicants running a horticultural business from the site, using multiple polytunnels and employing irrigation systems which require careful management.
The report says the business has been trading for over three years and can support a full-time worker, meeting criteria which addresses planning for sustainable rural communities. The proposal is said to meet these requirements, and the officer’s report confirms a genuine need for the dwelling.
Nevern, in its objection, said: “The living accommodation is supposed to be part of the business, it needs to be closer to the sheds, making the whole enterprise more aesthetically pleasing. The area designated for future seasonal agricultural workers would be an areas that would be more appropriate for a traditional cottage. A restriction on the house, a tied house needs to be considered.”
Objections to the plan have also been received from members of the public raising concerns including foul water disposal and the application “has nothing to do with the new current business”.
However, a number of representations have expressed support for the application. Issues raised include the benefit of applicants living on site, helping to reduce travel and carbon emissions, and confirming support for local, small-scale horticulture, and the contribution the business makes to the community.
The report says there is an identified need for a rural worker’s dwelling, especially due to the need to quickly respond to changes in crop conditions and potential failures in irrigation or ventilation systems.
It concludes: “The evidence submitted with this application, having been assessed by PCNPA’s Agricultural Advisors, is sufficient to demonstrate that an essential need exists for a rural enterprise dwelling, and that the proposal meets the tests set out in [policy].
“The siting and design of the dwelling are considered acceptable with no concerns in relation to landscape impact, amenity or biodiversity. Overall, the proposal is considered to be acceptable and a recommendation to grant permission is made.”
Farming
Pembrokeshire Mynachlogddu home’s 20 year planning breach
A CONDITION restricting a rural Pembrokeshire home to agricultural workers-only has been removed after its occupants lived in breach of that for some two decades.
In an application to Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, Richard Tadman and Rebecca Brinton, through agent Carver Knowles, sought a certificate of lawfulness for non-compliance of an agricultural/forestry occupancy condition for Brynmelyn, Mynachlogddu.
The condition restricting the occupancy was part of a consent for the farmhouse granted back in 1985.
An application for a certificate of lawfulness allows an applicant to stay at a development if they can provide proof of occupancy without any enforcement challenge over a prolonged period.
A supporting statement accompanying the application said evidence had been gathered to verify that since May 2006 the property has been occupied in breach of that condition, Ms Brinton purchasing the property that year, with Mr Tadman living there until 2022 and Ms Brinton continuing to do so.
When Mr Tadman was living at Brynmelyn he was self-employed as a mechanic, and Ms Brinton has not worked in agriculture or forestry, other than the couple keeping a few animals including chickens, ducks, turkeys, and pigs for a short period from 2008 until 2010 when the pigs had to be culled following a TB outbreak, the poultry succumbing to foxes.
The statement said council tax payment records to Pembrokeshire County Council showed the occupancy from 2006, adding that many of the previous owners apart from the original has not got an agricultural worker connection either,
An officer report recommending approval, which led to the issuing of a certificate of lawfulness, said: “The occupation of Brynmelyn of persons not employed in agriculture or forestry has been continuous for a period in excess of 10 years. It therefore represents a use unauthorised by the Town and Country Planning Act 1990.
“The use of the dwelling exceeds the time limit for the Local Planning Authority to take any enforcement action, in accordance with Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (as amended) and / or the preceding Town and Country Planning Act 1971. This authority considers that a Lawful Development Certificate can be issued.”
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