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Health

Resilience under pressure: Ambulance staff’s adaptive response to Covid-19

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A SWANSEA UNIVERSITY study has revealed the extraordinary emotional and operational strain faced by emergency ambulance staff across the UK during the Covid-19 pandemic – and how they adapted under unprecedented pressure.

The research forms part of the TRIM project (What TRIage model is safest and most effective for the Management of 999 callers with suspected Covid-19), led by Professor Helen Snooks at Swansea. It examined how frontline responders altered triage and decision-making to cope with the surge in demand.

Dr Alison Porter, Associate Professor in Health Services Research, oversaw the strand on ambulance services and emergency departments. Her team investigated how 999 call handling and clinical practice changed during the pandemic, while also exploring the lived experiences of staff working on the frontline.

The study drew on 25 remote interviews with paramedics, call handlers and emergency clinicians from four NHS ambulance services and their partner hospitals. It identified four main themes:

  • Prioritising care with limited contact: Crews concentrated on the most urgent cases while reducing face-to-face interactions to minimise infection risk.
  • Shift to remote triage: Traditional in-person assessments gave way to remote evaluations.
  • System-wide disruption: Wider healthcare pressures disrupted patient flow and added complexity to ambulance operations.
  • Emotional and mental strain: Staff endured evolving protocols, ethical dilemmas and sustained psychological pressure.

One call handler said: “It was probably the toughest thing I’ve ever done […] I was coming home, taking my uniform off in the corridor, running into the shower, and sobbing my heart out day after day.”

Yet despite the toll, the study also found pride and resilience. An ambulance service manager noted: “We rose to the challenge during Covid and did an astounding job. Every clinician on the ground, the call takers, the dispatchers – all showed how flexible, adaptable and resilient we are as a service.”

Dr Porter said: “Emergency ambulance services operate in high-stakes environments even in normal times. During Covid-19, that pressure escalated rapidly. Our research shows the reality for frontline staff: constant change, uncertainty, and overwhelming emotional demands, while striving to deliver safe and effective care.”

The research concludes that future emergency planning should be rooted in flexibility, compassion and psychological support, to better protect frontline staff and sustain care quality in times of crisis.

Dr Mike Brady, Assistant Clinical Director for Remote Clinical Care at the Welsh Ambulance Service University NHS Trust, who contributed to the research, added: “The TRIM study reveals the intense strain on Emergency Operations Centre staff during the pandemic, as well as their remarkable adaptability in rapidly evolving circumstances. These findings remain highly relevant today, as services prepare for winter pressures, future pandemics and system-wide reforms. They highlight why ambulance services must continue to play a key role in high-quality research.”

 

Business

Specialist clinic launched in Haverfordwest to treat common eye condition

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A HAVERFORDWEST opticians has launched a specialist clinic for dry eye disease, offering new support for people living with the common condition.

Specsavers Haverfordwest has introduced its Advanced Dry Eye Clinic to give customers access to in-depth diagnosis and targeted treatment for dry eye.

Dry eye is a common, but often misunderstood, condition where the eyes do not produce enough tears, or the tears evaporate too quickly, leading to discomfort, irritation and sometimes blurred vision.

It can be linked to a range of factors, including increased screen use, contact lens wear, ageing and environmental conditions. As many as one in three people suffer from dry eye and most causes can be treated.

Many people are surprised to learn that watery eyes can actually be a sign of dry eye, as the eyes produce poor-quality reflex tears in response to irritation. The new service provides an in-depth approach to diagnosing and managing the condition.

While many high street opticians now offer dry eye clinics, Specsavers Haverfordwest provides a wider range of specialist treatments and technology that are not commonly available.

Using advanced imaging to assess the eyes and tear glands, the team can identify the underlying cause of symptoms and create a personalised treatment plan for each customer.

Whilst there are a range of different treatments available, the major investment has been in the introduction of eye-light devices, bringing advanced IPL (Intense Pulsed Light) and LLLT (Low-Level Light Therapy) treatments to customers suffering from dry eye symptoms.

Designed to target the underlying causes of dry eye disease, the eye-light device combines clinically proven light-based therapies to help improve tear quality, reduce inflammation, and restore eye comfort. The treatment is safe, non-invasive, and suitable for many patients experiencing irritation, burning, watery eyes or discomfort linked to screen use and modern lifestyles.

The clinic also supports contact lens wearers experiencing discomfort, helping them return to comfortable, everyday use.

Some of the first customers to use the clinic have already noticed improvements in their symptoms.

Danielle Thomas says: ‘I honestly can’t believe the difference. I’d been struggling with sore, gritty eyes for years and had given up wearing my contact lenses altogether – they just became too uncomfortable. I was constantly using drops with very little relief.

‘From the moment I walked into the dry eye treatment room, it felt completely different to a normal appointment. The environment is calm, almost spa-like and the whole experience was surprisingly relaxing. The treatments were comfortable and the team explained everything so clearly. After just three sessions the improvement was notable – my eyes feel normal again.

‘The constant irritation and watering have gone and I’m now back in contact lenses comfortably, which I never thought would be possible. It’s genuinely been life changing. I wish I’d known about it sooner.’

Wayne Jones, optometrist and retail director at Specsavers Haverfordwest, adds: ‘Dry eye is something we see very frequently, yet it’s still widely dismissed as a minor irritation. In reality, it can have a real impact on comfort, vision and overall quality of life.

‘What many people don’t realise is that, in many cases, there is an underlying cause that can be identified and treated.

‘By launching this clinic, we’re able to offer a much more detailed and personalised level of care here in West Wales, helping us support more customers locally. We would encourage anyone experiencing persistent symptoms such as dryness, irritation or blurred vision to have their eyes checked, as there’s often a treatable cause.’

People interested in using the clinic should call Specsavers Haverfordwest on 01437 767788 to book an initial assessment and discuss treatment options.

 

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Health

Wales has highest stillbirth rate in UK for third year running, charity says

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Sands calls for urgent targets to reduce baby deaths and improve mental health support for bereaved parents

WALES has recorded the highest stillbirth rate in the UK for the third year in a row, according to baby loss charity Sands.

The charity has called for urgent action from the Welsh Government following the publication of the latest MBRRACE-UK perinatal mortality surveillance report, which tracks stillbirths and neonatal deaths across the UK.

Sands says there has been a lack of political focus on maternity safety and saving babies’ lives in Wales, despite repeated reviews.

The charity is calling for clear national targets to reduce stillbirths and neonatal deaths, as well as action to eliminate inequalities linked to ethnicity and deprivation.

Aidan Smith, Wales campaign lead for Sands, said: “There has been a lack of political focus and attention on maternity safety and saving babies’ lives in Wales in recent years.

“There has been review after review, but little change. At Sands, we are supporting bereaved parents across Wales to campaign for targets to reduce stillbirths and neonatal deaths and eliminate inequalities by ethnicity and deprivation.

“Bereaved parents are calling for accountability. Targets to reduce stillbirths and neonatal deaths will help ensure that saving babies’ lives becomes the political priority it should be.”

Sands says England introduced targets to reduce baby deaths in 2015, helping focus political decision-making and transparency.

Mr Smith said analysis by the Sands and Tommy’s Joint Policy Unit suggested that more than 1,000 babies in Wales may have survived if stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates had matched the best performing countries in Europe between 2019 and 2023.

The charity wants the Welsh Government to introduce new targets running to 2035, including reducing the stillbirth rate to 2.0 stillbirths per 1,000 total births, and reducing neonatal mortality to 0.5 deaths per 1,000 live births for babies born at 24 weeks’ gestation and over.

It is also calling for inequalities in baby loss linked to ethnicity and deprivation to be eliminated.

Mr Smith said Wales also needed better monitoring of maternity outcomes, including a national data dashboard to track changes over time and identify differences between health boards and population groups.

He said more complete data was needed on ethnicity and social risk factors to understand which families were most at risk of pregnancy and baby loss.

Sands has also raised concern about a lack of specialist psychological support for bereaved parents in Wales.

Mr Smith said there was currently only one specialist NHS service providing mental health support to bereaved parents, the Onnen service in Cardiff and Vale.

He said: “The Welsh Government must evaluate the Onnen service in Cardiff and Vale and expand this to all health boards across Wales.

“All bereaved parents in Wales should have access to specialist psychological support regardless of where they live, the type of pregnancy or baby loss they experienced, or how long ago it was.”

The Welsh Government said support was available to families affected by pregnancy loss and pointed to work taking place across health boards.

A Welsh Government spokesperson said: “The loss of a baby at any stage of pregnancy is devastating. Families who experience pregnancy loss at maternity units in Wales are supported by bereavement midwives, in conjunction with Sands, and offered memory boxes, which include a certificate of birth.

“Since 2016, stillbirth rates in Wales have shown a downward trend. The latest Perinatal Mortality Surveillance report acknowledges that in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, year-to-year variation in rates is often more pronounced because of lower birth numbers.

“All health boards are committed to improving quality and safety in perinatal care – through enhanced clinical reviews, early warning surveillance, safer preterm birth care, and structured learning from incidents.”

Hywel Dda University Health Board said it recognised “how devastating the loss of a baby is for parents and their families” and said its maternity and neonatal teams worked to provide safe, compassionate and supportive care.

Dana Scott, Director of Midwifery and Professional Governance for Women and Children at Hywel Dda, said the health board had “robust safety measures and clear clinical processes” in place across its maternity services.

She said Hywel Dda’s review processes were aligned with MBRRACE-UK and the Perinatal Mortality Review Tool, ensuring the health board listened, learned and reflected on each baby loss.

Ms Scott added that every family affected by stillbirth or neonatal death had access to dedicated bereavement midwives and nurses, as well as psychological support, follow-up care and opportunities for memory-making.

She said the health board also worked closely with its local Sands group and remained committed to learning from national reports to improve maternity safety locally.

Sands said the new Welsh Government now had an opportunity to act.

Mr Smith added: “Bereaved parents across Wales are campaigning for accountability and change. The new Welsh Government has a chance to reset the narrative by implementing targets to save babies’ lives, eliminating inequalities in loss by ethnicity and deprivation, and rolling out specialist mental health support for bereaved parents across Wales.”

Sands provides support to anyone affected by pregnancy loss or the death of a baby, including a confidential helpline, email support, online groups and local peer-support networks.

 

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Community

Transgender people “feel under siege” says Sioned Williams

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TRANSGENDER people “feel under siege”, Wales’ Deputy First Minister has said.

Sioned Williams faced questions on gender identity guidance in schools, and the implementation of single-sex spaces, during her first appearance at Questions to the Deputy First Minister.

Serving as both Deputy First Minister and cabinet secretary for social justice and equality, Ms Williams was questioned by opposition politicians on Wednesday June 10, about the Welsh Government’s response to the Cass Review, and the implementation of the Supreme Court’s ruling on single-sex spaces.

The session opened with questions from Blaenau Gwent Caerffili Rhymni’s Reform MS Catherine Cullen, who asked how the Welsh Government would work with education ministers to prioritise “objective, evidence-based safeguarding standards” in schools.

Catherine Cullen, Reform MS for Blaenau Gwent Caerffili Rhymni
Catherine Cullen, Reform MS for Blaenau Gwent Caerffili Rhymni

She said: “We sit here today with one non-negotiable duty: the absolute safety of Welsh children in schools.

“When the Cass review explicitly warned that social transition – that is, changing a child’s name, pronouns or uniform at school – is not a neutral act and carries severe psychological risks, Plaid Cymru voted against these recommendations.”

She continued: “[Plaid’s] manifesto demands a demedicalised self-declaration system that actively pushes gender identity theories through the school system.”

In response, Ms Williams said the Welsh Government remained committed to improving literacy and numeracy standards, and stressed the importance of creating a supportive environment in which all children can fulfil their potential.

She told members that education officials had developed draft guidance for schools on supporting transgender, non-binary and gender-questioning learners, and said the education minister recognised the need to proceed with “leadership and sensitivity”.

Questions then turned to the implementation of single-sex spaces following the Supreme Court’s ruling on the definition of sex under the Equality Act.

Reform UK MS Art Wright, of Casnewydd Islwyn, asked about the Welsh Government’s plans to implement single-sex spaces across Wales, while Conservative MS Natasha Asghar, of the same constituency, accused the previous Labour administration of “dragging its heels” in responding to the judgment.

Art Wright, Reform MS for Casnewydd Islwyn
Art Wright, Reform MS for Casnewydd Islwyn

Ms Asghar said she had received correspondence from a Welsh Government employee claiming staff were still working under policies that allowed “men who identify as women to use women’s single-sex spaces from the first day of self-identification”.

Reading from the email that was sent to her, she said: “A government cannot pick and choose which laws it follows, yet that is exactly what seems to be happening within the Welsh Government itself.”

Casnewydd Islwyn's Conservative MS Natasha Asghar
Casnewydd Islwyn’s Conservative MS Natasha Asghar

Responding, Ms Williams said the Welsh Government respected the Supreme Court ruling and was working to ensure devolved policies and practices complied with the law.

“This work has to be done carefully and consistently, and across a range of devolved areas,” she said.

However, the Deputy First Minister also emphasised that the Equality Act continues to protect people with the protected characteristic of gender reassignment from discrimination and harassment.

She added: “This is a community that feels under siege at the moment, and we must be sensitive to that.

“We need to look at the practical steps that we can take whilst complying with the Supreme Court ruling, and then, in seeing the code of practice that will come forward, if it is passed in Westminster, we will need to consider how we do that.”

Ms Williams said work was continuing across government departments to ensure Welsh Government policies comply with the law while maintaining protections for transgender people.

Ms Williams, who represents the Brycheiniog Tawe Nedd constituency, also reaffirmed her support for universal free school meals during the session, after Senedd Members raised concerns about food poverty and access to nutritious food for children.

Huw Thomas, Labour MS for Caerdydd Penarth, drew attention to the work of the previous Labour government in introducing universal free school meals for primary school children across Wales.

Mr Thomas said: “For too many of our pupils, this is the only proper meal of the day that they have every day – hugely important – and yet we know that food costs have risen dramatically in recent years.

“So, my question is: when councils tell Welsh Government what the cost of supplying these meals are, will you accept and respect their advice and fund it, or else risk affecting the quality and provenance of the food served to our young people?”

Ms Williams agreed that free school meals play a vital role in supporting children and families.

She said the scheme “really does help”, allowing children to receive the “nutritious hot meal that they so desperately need”.

While noting that responsibility for free school meals sits within the education portfolio, the Deputy First Minister said she would ensure the concerns raised within government.

The discussion also turned to nutrition during pregnancy and early childhood.

Welsh Liberal Democrat leader Jane Dodds said access to nutritious food in a child’s earliest years is critical to healthy development.

Jane Dodds, leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats
Jane Dodds, leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats

She said: “We know how important nutritious food is in brain development in babies, both in pregnancy and in those first 1,000 days.

“Key nutrients such as vitamin D are absolutely essential, and if you are poor and you are not able to afford a full range of nutritious food, then that hampers that child’s development from the very, very early point.”

Ms Dodds asked what steps the Welsh Government was taking to ensure babies and young children have access to healthy food during their first 1,000 days.

Responding, Ms Williams said she “wholeheartedly” agreed about the importance of nutrition in the early years.

She pointed to the Healthy Start scheme, which provides support for low-income pregnant women and families with young children, describing pregnancy as a “crucial part” of ensuring lifelong health.

The Deputy First Minister also highlighted the nursery milk scheme, which provides children under the age of five in approved childcare settings with a free daily portion of milk.

Ms Williams said ensuring children have access to nutritious food from pregnancy through early childhood remains an important part of tackling inequality and improving long-term health outcomes in Wales.

 

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