Education
Research reveals nearly half of children in Wales had additional learning needs
A NEW study has highlighted the prevalence of additional learning needs, formerly known as special educational needs, among under 16-year-olds in Wales. The findings come with a policy briefing, calling for a robust review of processes used to recognise such issues and more inclusive learning support for all children nationally.
The research and policy reports, led by the University of Bristol and funded by the Nuffield Foundation, found nearly half (47.9%) of children born in 2002/2003 were identified with some form of additional learning needs (ALN) at some point during their schooling. This was shown to have the biggest impact on academic achievement across all Key Stages of their education.
Lead author Dr Cathryn Knight, Senior Lecturer in Psychology of Education at the University of Bristol, said: “Our findings clearly challenge the notion that learning needs only affect a minority of learners. Key common factors increasing the likelihood of being identified with SEN also emerged, emphasising the importance of recognising the child’s environment and understanding their individual situation to effectively support their learning needs.”
Researchers from the University’s School of Education and Swansea University analysed data from more than 200,000 children in Wales, born between 2002 and 2009, to understand the levels of SEN and its impact on academic achievement.
Findings revealed that the earlier the additional needs emerged and were recognised, and the longer their education was spent with these known needs, the less likely they were to meet nationally expected levels of attainment.
Dr Knight said: “Our research suggests the former SEN system in Wales was unable to effectively support students to mitigate the negative impact of SEN on their grades. This underscores the substantial toll of SEN on academic achievement. To improve academic attainment levels in Wales, it is crucial to prioritise effective support for this very large group of learners.”
Learners having free school meals (FSM) throughout their education were found to be four times more likely to be identified with SEN compared to those not in receipt of free meals. Those born in the most deprived neighbourhoods were shown to be even more likely (4.6 times) to be identified with SEN.
The study also showed boys were much (5.5 times) more likely to be identified with SEN than girls. Children with higher school attendance had a lower likelihood of SEN identification and learners born in the summer, so younger in their year group, were three times more likely to be identified with SEN than those born in the autumn.
Dr Knight said: “This raises concerns about the effectiveness of SEN identification processes, particularly given the unexpectedly high number of learners identified with SEN. It suggests a potential issue of over- or under-identification of certain children.”
The main policy recommendations in the report were to prioritise inclusive educational initiatives that recognise and support all children. The substantial impact of SEN on children’s grades, raises questions about how children with learning needs can be supported to show progression within the education system. Therefore, consideration of more inclusive assessment practices is recommended. The report also calls for current methods used to identify learning need to be rigorously reviewed, with a new focus on ensuring accuracy, fairness, and inclusivity.
The research mirrors similar national findings. Evidence from the Education Policy Institute in England also found a high level (40.7%) of SEND (Special Educational Needs and Disability) identification. Other research, published in the British Educational Research Journal, has also shown that children with SEND in England are also far less likely to meet expected learning standards than their peers at Key Stage 1.
Dr Knight said: “We also need longer-term evidence within Wales and across the UK in order to develop a fuller understanding of the challenges. This includes possible systematic issues with how learning needs are recognised and their subsequent impact on attainment.”
Education
School leaders call for more support after Estyn finds RSE provision varies across Wales
SCHOOL leaders have called for greater funding and support for Relationships and Sexuality Education in Wales after a new Estyn report found that provision is helping pupils feel safe and respected, but is not yet consistent across schools.
The report looked at how schools are delivering RSE under the Curriculum for Wales, where it is a statutory part of learning for pupils aged 3 to 16.
RSE is intended to help children and young people understand healthy relationships, personal safety, respect, rights and wellbeing in a way that is appropriate to their age and stage of development.
However, the subject has also been one of the more controversial parts of the new curriculum, with some parents and campaigners raising concerns about transparency, age-appropriateness and the removal of the parental right to withdraw children from lessons.
Supporters argue that high-quality RSE helps pupils recognise healthy and unhealthy behaviour, challenge bullying and harassment, and build respect for others. Schools and unions say the difficulty is not the principle of the subject, but the uneven level of support available to staff expected to deliver it.
Responding to Estyn’s findings, Laura Doel, national secretary of school leaders’ union NAHT Cymru, said the report highlighted both strong practice and areas where improvement was still needed.
She said: “We welcome the spotlight Estyn has shone on RSE in Wales, including both the examples of really positive practice and areas for improvement.
“One of the issues is that many schools are left to develop their own practice and programmes due to a lack of funding and investment in effective professional learning or collaborative work for local clusters of primary and secondary schools.
“At a time when schools are facing unprecedented financial shortfalls, it feels as though areas like this in the school curriculum have not been prioritised, and we urge the new Welsh Government to put this right.”
NAHT Cymru said schools need more investment in training, resources and collaborative working so that pupils receive high-quality RSE regardless of where they live or which school they attend.
The union’s comments come as schools continue to face wider pressures, including budget shortfalls, staff workload, additional learning needs reform and post-pandemic challenges around pupil wellbeing and attendance.
The Welsh Government has previously said RSE must be developmentally appropriate and delivered in line with statutory guidance. It says the aim is to support learners to form and maintain healthy relationships, understand their rights and responsibilities, and stay safe.
Estyn’s findings are likely to increase pressure on ministers to ensure schools are not left to interpret the curriculum alone, particularly in an area where public concern and political debate remain high.
The Herald has approached the Welsh Government for comment.
Community
Humanists back council after Cilgerran school legal threat from Church in Wales
FOLLOWING a recent Church in Wales legal threat against Pembrokeshire’s council over plans to remove church status from Cilgerran’s school, Wales Humanists has supported the council plans.
The Humanist support comes after the Church in Wales issued a formal notice that it will take legal action against Pembrokeshire County Council if it presses ahead with plans to remove church status from Cilgerran Voluntary Controlled Primary School.
Back in May, the council voted to remove the Voluntary Controlled status of the Welsh-speaking rural school and to establish it as a 3-11 community school despite 97 per cent of the responses to a consultation about its potential discontinuation opposing it.
That consultation followed a review which “considered the extent of surplus school places in the area, set against a significant decline in the pupil population,” the council has previously said.
Hundreds opposed the proposed changes, with a petition on the council’s own website gaining 391 signatures.
During the consultation, 203 responses were received; 97 per cent (197 responses) against the proposal, with just 1.5 per cent (three) in favour.
Following this, a letter was sent to council officers on behalf of the Diocese of St Davids and the Church in Wales saying that, if the council persists with this course, the Church will take legal action on the grounds of claims of “public misrepresentation and unqualified legal assertions made by Pembrokeshire County Council officers,” and “discrimination against faith schooling”.
The letter also says that, if the council removes VC status from the school, the Church will not make the site available for a successor school, which it says will render “the case on which the proposed removal of VC status is based untenable”.
The legal warning described “the gratuitous attack on the church status of Ysgol Cilgerran” as amounting to “a targeted assault on the inclusive Christian education which Church in Wales schools have provided to their communities for generations”.
Since then, Wales Humanists has welcomed the move, which would remove church status from Cilgerran Voluntary Controlled Primary School, and has written to Pembrokeshire County Council expressing its support for the proposal “on behalf of the area’s substantial non-religious community”.
It says, according to the 2021 Census, almost half of people in Pembrokeshire identified as having no religion.
Kathy Riddick, Campaigns and Policy Manager for Wales Humanists, said: “Schools should exist to serve their whole community. Where publicly funded schools no longer reflect the beliefs of the communities they serve, it is entirely appropriate for local authorities to consider whether they should continue to have a religious character.
“The question is whether publicly funded schools should continue to be legally designated as belonging to one particular religion when they serve increasingly diverse communities.
“We believe education should be equally welcoming to every child, regardless of their religion or belief, and call on local authorities across Wales to keep the religious character of maintained schools under review so that school organisation reflects local demographics and the needs of modern communities.”
Education
Fire safety works for early learning centre approved
PLANS to upgrade a Pembrokeshire early learning centre so it will comply with fire safety regulations have been given the go-ahead.
In an application to Pembrokeshire County Council, the council, through agent Harries Planning Design Management, sought permission for external and internal improvements for fire safety at Neyland Early Learning Centre, Clements Road, Neyland.
A supporting statement accompanying the application said: “Externally, the building comprises a curtain wall of single glazed windows and doors. These are in a poor state of repair, with some doors no longer opening easily.
“Further to this, the existing fire escape arrangements are unlevel and do not comply with building regulations at present. Therefore, to improve the existing arrangements of the building and to future proof it for continued use, this proposal seeks to replace the existing curtain glazing with like for like double glazed units.
“These will contain outward opening fire escape doors in the same positions as the existing doors. The double glazing will thermally improve the building, and the exits will serve as appropriate means of escape. Further to this, the external path is proposed to be regraded to provide a level threshold for disabled access.
“Overall, this application seeks minor like for like external alterations and necessary upgrades to meet building regulations and comply with both fire safety and means of access requirements.
“The proposal does not seek to introduce a new use or alterations that would impact upon neighbouring and local amenity. To enhance biodiversity on the site a sparrow terrace and rainwater garden is proposed.”
An officer report recommending approval said no response had been received from Neyland Town Council, and no third-party representations about the scheme had been received, concluding: “It is considered that the application would comply with policies of the Pembrokeshire Local Development Plan and that planning permission shall be granted.”
The application was conditionally approved by officers under delegated powers.
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