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Stonehenge altar stone came from Scotland, not Wales

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THE LARGEST “bluestone” at the heart of Stonehenge came from northern Scotland, not Wales, according to new research.

Published in the journal Nature, the study analysed the age and chemistry of minerals from fragments of the Altar Stone.

The findings show a remarkable similarity between the Old Red Sandstone of the Orcadian Basin in northeast Scotland and the Stonehenge Altar Stone.

Construction at Stonehenge began 5,000 years ago, with changes and additions over the next two millennia.

Although it is unclear when the Altar Stone arrived at Stonehenge, it may have been placed within the world-renowned central horseshoe of stones during the second construction phase at around 2620 – 2480 BC.

For the past hundred years, the iconic six-tonne Altar Stone at the heart of the ancient site was believed to have come from Wales.

The majority of Stonehenge’s world-renowned ‘bluestones’ came from the Preseli Hills area in west Wales and are believed to have been the first stones erected at the Wiltshire site.

The Altar Stone, a sandstone, has traditionally been grouped with these other, smaller, igneous bluestones.

However, the Altar Stone’s origins had remained an open question, until now.

According to the new research involving scientists at Aberystwyth University, UCL, Curtin University and the University of Adelaide, both the chemical composition and the ages of mineral grains in the sandstone indicate it is very likely to have come from northeast Scotland.

The scientists used their analysis of the ages of the mineral grains to create a ‘fingerprint’ of the source of those grains. They matched ages found in rocks of the Orcadian Basin found in the north-east of Scotland, and are completely different from Welsh-sourced stones.

Co-author Professor Richard Bevins from Aberystwyth University said:

“These findings are truly remarkable – they overturn what had been thought for the past century. We have succeeded in working out, if you like, the age and chemical fingerprints of perhaps one of the most famous of stones in the world-renowned ancient monument.

“It’s thrilling to know that our chemical analysis and dating work has finally unlocked this great mystery. We can now say that this iconic rock is Scottish and not Welsh. Although we can say that much, and confidently – the hunt will still very much be on to pin down where exactly in the north-east of Scotland the Altar Stone came from.”

The new discovery implies that one of the most famous stones in the world was moved much further than had been believed – at least 700 km (435 miles).

Anthony Clarke from the Timescales of Mineral Systems Group at Curtin University said:

“Considering the technological constraints of the Neolithic, our findings raise fascinating questions about how such massive stone was able to be transported over the vast distance implied. Given major overland barriers en route from north-east Scotland to Salisbury Plain, marine transport is one feasible option.”

Co-author Dr Robert Ixer of the UCL Institute of Archaeology said: “This is a genuinely shocking result, but if plate tectonics and atomic physics are correct, then the Altar Stone is Scottish. The work prompts two important questions: why and exactly how was the Altar Stone transported from the very north of Scotland, a distance of more than 700 kilometres, to Stonehenge?”

While the research does not provide direct evidence about how the Altar Stone got to its world-famous location in Wiltshire, the revelation that it travelled so far will raise questions about its journey given the limits of human technology during Neolithic times.

Professor Nick Pearce from Aberystwyth University added:

“This stone has travelled an awful long way – at least 700 km – and this is the longest recorded journey for any stone used in a monument at that period. The distance travelled is astonishing for the time. While the purpose of our new, empirical research was not to answer the question of how it got there, there are obvious physical barriers to transporting by land, but a daunting journey if going by sea. There’s no doubt that this Scottish source shows a high level of societal organisation in the British Isles during the period. These findings will have huge ramifications for understanding communities in Neolithic times, their levels of connectivity and their transport systems.

“Hopefully, people will now start to look at the Altar Stone in a slightly different context in terms of how and when it got to Stonehenge, and where it came from. I am sure this will lead to some new thinking about the development of Stonehenge and its links to the rest of Neolithic Britain.”

The new research builds on findings published by Aberystwyth University and UCL researchers last year in the Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports that cast doubt on the Altar Stone’s Welsh origins, and suggested that it should not be classified as a bluestone.

This study was supported by a Leverhulme Trust Emeritus Fellowship, Salisbury Museum and Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales and funded by an Australian Research Council Discovery Project. It was a collaboration between Aberystwyth University, Curtin University, the University of Adelaide, and UCL.

Community

Welsh Water warns against dangers of unauthorised swimming in reservoirs

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WELSH WATER warns against dangers of unauthorised swimming in reservoirs: Llys y fran-36
With the Easter holidays upon us, Welsh Water is warning people not to risk their lives by unauthorised swimming in its reservoirs.

Every year in Wales, hundreds of individuals and families visit reservoirs and take to the water to swim, paddle, or use inflatables, putting their lives and the lives of others at risk, but unauthorised access to the water at reservoirs can kill and is never allowed.

Statistics show there is an average of 45 water related fatalities in Wales every year and the rate of accidental drowning in Wales is almost double that of the UK as a whole.

Reservoirs can be full of hidden dangers, including automatic machinery in the water that can operate at any time, and incredibly strong currents, that can pull under even the strongest swimmers. That’s why it’s best to only swim at the permitted reservoir sites.

The water also has freezing temperatures which can send swimmers into cold-water shock and there is a reduced chance of rescue in some areas due to the remote location of many reservoirs, often with little or no mobile reception.

The last few weeks have seen dry weather with plenty of spring sunshine, conditions that tempt some to take the plunge at reservoirs without realising the dangers involved.

Welsh Water’s Rangers patrol the company’s reservoirs, ensuring everyone is safe and dissuading unauthorised swimming in the water.

Maddy Rawlings, Head Ranger at Llandegfedd said: “We want everyone to enjoy the reservoir safely – which is why it’s important that any access to the reservoir only takes place during planned and life guarded activities or swim sessions. During my time as a Ranger at Llandegfedd, I have had countless encounters and incidents in which I have had to ask members of the public to leave the water due to the dangers involved, many of which they are unaware of. We aren’t here to spoil anyone having fun – we’re here to keep the public safe.’’

Private security companies have also been hired to help with this work.

Welsh Water do offer safe, supervised, and accredited open water swimming sessions at some Visitor Attraction sites across Wales. It also offers water sports, including paddle boarding and kayaking.

Jack Bailey, Activity Manager at Lisvane & Llanishen Reservoirs in Cardiff said: “We know that open water swimming has great benefits for physical and mental wellbeing – but unauthorised swimming can pose serious risks. Always prioritise safety over spontaneity and book an organised open water swimming or cold water dipping session at one of our Welsh Water visitor attractions sites. We provide a safe way to enjoy the water, nature and the benefits they can bring.”

Welsh Water is part of Water Safety Wales, a group made up of organisations committed to working on water safety and drowning prevention in Wales.

Chris Cousens, Chair of Water Safety Wales said: “With the lovely weather we’ve been seeing, we know how tempting it can be to cool off in beautiful reservoirs. But even the strongest of swimmers can go into cold water shock and this can lead to drowning. We’re asking everyone to stay safe this summer by keeping out of the reservoirs. If you are in difficulty in the water, Float To Live – this means to relax and float on your back with your ears submerged in the water until the effects of cold water shock pass. You can them swim to safety or shout for help.

“If you see someone else in difficulty in the water in a reservoir, call 999 or 112 and ask for the Fire Service, tell the person in the water to Float To Live and throw them something that floats. Never go into the water to attempt a rescue yourself.”

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News

Iconic Pembrokeshire hotel goes up for auction

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For decades The Starboard Hotel has wined, dined and hosted countless visitors from its enviable position overlooking the Milford Haven waterway.

Now, after its doors have remained closed for several years, there is a chance that the Starboard Hotel will once again be brought back to its former glory after being put on the market with local estate agents FBM, Milford Haven.

The five storey, end-of-terrace property at 21 Hamilton Terrace enjoys panoramic views of the estuary and still retains much of its former retro decor and architectural features.

The iconic building spans five storeys comprising a bar, restaurant and disco with hotel accommodation consisting of 11 bedrooms, 11 bathrooms, nine reception rooms and a self-contained flat.  It also has an enclosed garden to the rear.

“The Starboard Hotel is a property in a prominent position which offers endless opportunity,” commented FBM estate agents.

“The property has long been a cherished and memorable landmark within the community, evoking nostalgia and happy memories for so many people who have passed through its doors over the years.”

The Starboard Hotel has been set  at a guide price of £135,000 prior to being sold at auction. 

To view the property or to find out further details, contact the FBM office on 01646 691011.  Some  parts of the property have fallen into disrepair to the rear of the building, resulting in viewings having to be accompanied at all times.

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Crime

Steynton woman sentenced for abusive tirade against neighbour

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A STEYNTON woman has been sentenced after launching a foul-mouthed, xenophobic rant at her neighbour, telling her to “f*** off back to England”.

Linda McCann, 70, said she was left distressed by the language used by Lisa Thomas during the incident, which took place at around 2:00pm on August 2, 2024.

“Hearing the foul language that she used towards me – language that everyone in the street could hear – was very distressing,” Mrs McCann told Haverfordwest magistrates during Thomas’s trial.

“Lisa told me to f*** off back to England. And that’s not nice.”

The confrontation occurred after Mrs McCann and her husband returned from shopping in Iceland, Milford Haven, and began unloading frozen food into a garden shed freezer at their property on Honeyhill Grove, Lamphey.

“I came outside to find out what it was and thought my neighbour had possibly thrown a glass bottle or something at my shed,” said Mrs McCann. “But then I could see that it was shingle that had been thrown from Lisa’s landing window. Lisa then opened the window and shouted stuff out at me.”

CCTV footage captured by Mrs McCann’s motion-sensor camera was played in court, in which Thomas could be heard shouting:
“You want to stick your fingers up at my 11-year-old daughter, you stupid old c***? You stupid little nonce. F*** off back to Birmingham and f*** off back to England.”

Thomas, who has since moved to Plas Peregrine, Steynton, was found guilty of using threatening, abusive or insulting words or behaviour likely to cause harassment, alarm or distress.

She was sentenced to a two-year conditional discharge and ordered to pay £300 in prosecution costs and a £26 victim surcharge.

In addition, a two-year restraining order was imposed, prohibiting Thomas from contacting Mrs McCann, referencing her on social media, or entering the Honeyhill Grove estate in Lamphey.

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