Farming
Robots could help check biodiversity loss – new study
ROBOTS could help track biodiversity loss across the world’s land masses, according to a new study.
Already widely used for monitoring ocean ecosystems, the use of robotic and autonomous systems for observing biodiversity on-land has not previously been extensively researched.
Dr Fred Labrosse from Aberystwyth University’s Department of Computer Science is part of the first systematic attempt to evaluate the technology’s potential to look at changes in plant and animal life across the planet.
Experts from more than a hundred countries collaborated on the study, which explored how technology could help conservationists accurately track species’ population changes.
Specialists identified four main types of barriers to biodiversity monitoring: site access, species identification, handling and storing data, and power and connectivity.
Experts then identified technologies that could overcome those barriers and how they could work in extreme environments. They also identified several emerging technologies, such as novel sensors and biodegradable robots, which could help.
The study published today (22 May 2025) in Nature Ecology & Evolution, considered both the challenges and the opportunities of using robots for monitoring biodiversity. Key benefits include the ability to survey over large spatial scales, identify species in real-time, and handle high data volumes. Challenges that would need to be overcome include the need for high volumes of ‘training data’ for machine learning for species identification and power availability limitations.
The research concluded that automated and robotic technology would be a useful way to supplement, rather than replace, existing methods.
Dr Fred Labrosse, a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Computer Science at Aberystwyth University said:
“Our study highlighted the difference made by adopting an interdisciplinary approach. It provided an opportunity for robotics experts to understand the challenges of biodiversity monitoring, and for conservationists to learn about cutting-edge technology which could assist them. It was a real meeting of minds and showcased the importance of collaboration between biodiversity specialists and robotic scientists to pave the way for effective co-development of future technologies and innovations.”
The research was funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council’s UK-Robotics and Autonomous Systems Network.
Business
Call to keep holiday pod at Pembrokeshire Narberth farm
A CALL to keep a holiday pod sited on a Pembrokeshire farm, as part of a wider holiday pod farm diversification over two areas which saw the larger part supported, has been submitted to county planners.
In an application to Pembrokeshire County Council, Bill Ridge of Vaynor Farm Ltd, Bethesda, through agent Gerald Blain Associates Limited, seeks retrospective permission to keep a self-catering pod at Broomley Farm, Sodston, Narberth, works having been completed in 2022.
The application is part of a wider scheme of holiday pods diversification encompassing two farms.
Back in December, Pembrokeshire County Council’s planning committee granted delegated retrospective permission to Vaynor Farm Ltd for the siting of two self-catering holiday accommodation pods at The Cart House, Vaynor Farm, Bethesda, near Narberth as part of a farm diversification enterprise.
A supporting statement accompanying the latest application says: “Vaynor farm is a 400-acre working dairy farm with a herd of 700 milking cows. The enterprise comprises of three self-catering pods. Two of the pods are situated at the Vaynor homestead and another at the opposite end of the holding at Broomley farm.
“The first unit was sited adjacent to Vaynor farm stead some four years ago and a further two added in subsequent years. The units have enjoyed successful occupancy rates over several years offering a unique secluded tourism offer on a working dairy farm, more detail of which is outlined within the supporting business plan.”
It says the Broomley farm application is a resubmission of a previously refused scheme, adding: “It should be noted that this application was originally part of [the application] which was recommended approval at planning committee in December 2025. This element however was separated due to its location on another part of Vaynor farm deeming it not possible to be considered under the same application.”
At the December meeting, an officer report said: “A business plan has been submitted with [that] application, which explains that due to uncertainties associated with dairy farming, the applicant has sought to diversify the farm enterprise to incorporate tourism accommodation.
“The application makes the case that the proposed development represents farm diversification. It is acknowledged that the development has resulted in the provision of an alternative type of holiday accommodation for which it has been demonstrated there is a demand, contributing to the diversity and quality of accommodation available within the county and supporting an existing farm business, with consequent economic and social benefits.
“Evidence has been provided that demonstrates the extent to which the pods have provided income which has been used to support the farm business.”
That application was conditionally approved; the latest part to be considered by planners at a later date.
Farming
Experts warn Senedd of ‘systemic failure’ to enforce animal welfare laws in Wales
Fewer than five per cent of farms inspected as prosecutions remain rare
LEGAL experts have warned that animal welfare laws in Wales are being routinely ignored due to a “critical failure” in enforcement, with thousands of farms going uninspected and breaches rarely leading to action.
The stark warning came during an event at the Senedd on Tuesday (Mar 25), organised by the Animal Law Foundation and sponsored by Carolyn Thomas MS.
The meeting brought together legal specialists, enforcement bodies and Members of the Senedd to examine what campaigners describe as a growing gap between legislation and real-world enforcement.
Figures presented at the event paint a troubling picture. Just 4.67 per cent of Wales’ 34,777 farms are inspected, with only one inspector responsible for every 657 farms. Even when concerns are raised, only around 65 per cent of complaints result in an inspection.
More strikingly, where breaches are identified, prosecutions are launched in fewer than one per cent of cases.
The Animal Law Foundation described this as part of a wider “Enforcement Problem” — a term used to describe situations where laws exist but are not effectively applied.
Edie Bowles, Executive Director of the foundation, said: “These figures point to a system that is simply not working. When inspections are rare, complaints do not trigger investigations, and breaches do not lead to enforcement action, the legal safeguards risk becoming little more than words on paper.”
She added that meaningful enforcement is essential not only to protect animals, but to maintain public confidence in the law.
Carolyn Thomas MS said ensuring existing laws are properly enforced “should not be a controversial ask,” but acknowledged it remains a significant challenge.
Calls for stronger oversight were echoed by representatives of Animal Licensing Wales, who highlighted the need for greater resources and capacity within enforcement bodies.
The findings are backed by recent undercover investigations, including footage from a Wrexham slaughterhouse and a farm at Tafarn Y Bugail, which allegedly showed serious mistreatment of animals.
Abigail Penny, Executive Director of Animal Equality UK, said: “What we uncovered was an extraordinary failure of the systems meant to protect animals. That such cruelty could persist, undetected and unchallenged, shows the urgent need for stronger oversight and meaningful sanctions.”
Animal welfare on farms in Wales is governed by the Animal Welfare Act 2006 and a range of additional regulations covering farming, transport and slaughter. Enforcement responsibility lies primarily with local authorities, while the Food Standards Agency oversees welfare in slaughterhouses.
Campaigners say that without urgent reform, those protections risk being undermined by a lack of inspections, limited resources, and a reluctance to take enforcement action.
Farming
Farmers warned over rising fuel theft risk as prices surge
Rural communities urged to stay vigilant amid sharp increases in red diesel and heating oil costs
FARMERS and rural residents across Wales are being urged to remain vigilant against fuel theft following a sharp rise in fuel and heating oil prices linked to ongoing tensions in the Middle East.
FUW Insurance Services Ltd has issued the warning after recent data showed significant increases in fuel costs. Reports suggest the price of red diesel has climbed to around 109p per litre in mid-March, up from approximately 67p in February, representing an increase of more than 60%. Heating oil prices have also risen steeply, in some cases more than doubling from around 60p per litre to £1.30.
The increases are placing additional pressure on rural households, many of which remain heavily reliant on oil. In Powys, around 55% of homes are not connected to the gas grid, while in Ceredigion the figure rises to 74%, leaving communities particularly exposed to price fluctuations.
Concerns are also growing over the potential rise in rural crime. Historically, spikes in fuel costs have been linked to increased theft, with farms often targeted due to the presence of fuel tanks and machinery. Such incidents can lead not only to financial losses but also environmental damage where tanks are tampered with or fuel is spilled.
Farmers are being advised to take practical steps to protect their property, including regularly checking fuel levels, securing tanks and pumps with appropriate locks, and installing CCTV where possible. Reporting suspicious activity promptly is also seen as key to preventing theft.
The warning also applies to other rural premises, including churches, chapels, village halls and community buildings, which often rely on heating oil and may be left unattended for long periods.
Dafydd Peredur Jones, Senior Account Executive at FUW Insurance Services Ltd, said: “Rising fuel prices are placing additional pressure on rural communities, but they also increase the risk of theft. We are urging farmers and rural residents to take proactive steps to protect their fuel supplies and remain vigilant. Simple preventative measures can make a significant difference.”
FUW Insurance Services Ltd said it will continue to support customers during the current period and encouraged anyone with concerns about their insurance cover or security arrangements to seek advice.
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