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Farming

Helping farmers tackle major parasitic disease in livestock

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IMPROVED guidance and practical tools are required to help farmers to sustainably tackle the major problem of liver fluke infections in livestock, according to new research.

Scientists at Aberystwyth University have spoken in depth to farmers across Wales and say their early findings show there is a lot of uncertainty around managing this parasitic disease which affects the majority of sheep flocks and cattle herds in the UK.

Infections are believed to cost the UK livestock industry up to £300 million a year in reduced productivity levels, increasing mortality rates and veterinary costs.

In addition, there is growing resistance to the drugs used to treat the disease while changes in the climate are creating more favourable conditions where the parasite can thrive.

As part of a three-year project funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), researchers are developing new methods of controlling more effectively the parasitic worm which causes liver fluke.

They are pioneering the use of environmental DNA techniques to accurately detect the presence on farmland of mud snails which acts as an intermediate host between the parasite and livestock.

They are also carrying out close analysis of soil conditions on the farm to identify where the mud snail is most likely to live and thrive.

Principal Investigator Dr Rhys Aled Jones, from the University’s Department of Life Sciences, outlines the potential benefits of the research:

“Our aim is to develop sustainable, innovative strategies and provide farmers with better guidance and practical tools so they are better supported in their efforts to control liver fluke, which has become such a major problem on farms across Wales and the rest of the UK.

“If our research can help to control this parasite more effectively, there will be economic benefits through improved productivity as well as environmental benefits. Liver fluke is a harmful infection so there will be benefits too in terms of animal welfare and ensuring animals are healthy is one of the most effective ways of mitigating the environmental impact of livestock production systems.”

As part of the FlukeMAP project, launched in 2023, the University’s parasitologists and veterinary scientists have been working closely with 16 sheep farmers from across Wales.

Their extensive research has included carrying out in-depth interviews with the farmers, conducting comprehensive surveys assessing infection risks across farmland and monitoring infection levels in grazing sheep.

Several common themes have already emerged from analysis of the interviews and data gathered as part of the project, as Dr Gwen Rees from the Aberystwyth School of Veterinary Science explains:

“Liver fluke is a complicated disease, and the advice available to farmers from vets and industry is mixed and sometimes conflicting. Not surprisingly perhaps, we found there was a lot of uncertainty, with farmers often unsure about how to diagnose, when best to treat, where might be risky for infection and whether they had a fluke problem or not.

“As a result of their uncertainty around disease risk and how best to manage it, farmers often reported needing to use flukicides as a precautionary measure, but this can lead to flukicide resistance as well as medicine residues in the environment.”

Surveys assessing infection risk areas on farms further highlighted areas of uncertainty as Dr Rhys Aled Jones explains:

“Liver fluke risk is typically associated with wet condition. However, the timing and duration of these wet conditions are critical in determining infection risk. Our research also found strong links between soil characteristics, particularly pH and organic matter and the presence of the intermediate mud snail host which transmits liver fluke. These factors were rarely considered by farmers when assessing risk on land and this highlights a clear opportunity for improved guidance to support more accurate risk assessments.

“Accurately identifying fluke risk areas on farms can support more sustainable control strategies. These include optimising the use of diagnostic tests and treatments, and implementing targeted land and grazing management practices to reduce the likelihood of infection.”

Researchers are sharing their latest findings with an audience of farmers and industry representatives at the Royal Welsh showground on Wednesday 23 July).

Funded by the BBSRC and Aberystwyth University, FlukeMAP is a collaborative research project which brings together key partners including Farming Connect, the Welsh Veterinary Science Centre, the Farmers Union of Wales and Ridgeway Research.

Further information about the project is available on the University’s website: https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/rbi/research/research-in-action/helping-farmers-to-fight-liver-fluke/

 

Farming

Check ewes at weaning to protect next season’s lamb crop

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PEMBROKESHIRE sheep farmers are being urged to use weaning as a key opportunity to check ewe condition and deal with any problems before tupping.

With many local flocks now moving towards weaning, farmers are being advised to assess body condition score, as well as checking teeth, feet and udders, while there is still time to improve nutrition ahead of the breeding season.

Dr Alison Bond, Technical Services Manager at Rumenco, said close monitoring at this stage can help avoid major changes in ewe condition and improve overall flock productivity.

She said weaning at around 12 weeks was a good target, when lambs should usually be between 25kg and 30kg and taking very little milk from the ewe.

“There will of course be a focus on the lambs’ readiness for market at this stage, but it is equally important to put a hand across the ewes to assess their condition,” she said.

For lowland flocks, ewes with a body condition score below 2.5 at weaning should be given priority, as they may struggle to reach the target score of around 3.5 by tupping.

Those poorer condition ewes should be grouped separately, moved onto the best available grazing and given appropriate supplementary feeding where needed.

Dr Bond said waiting until closer to tupping could be less effective and may affect performance.

She added that ewes in good condition at tupping are more likely to scan with more lambs, produce healthier lambs after birth, and rear heavier lambs by eight weeks of age.

“It affects the whole production cycle, and not just one element,” she said.

The advice will be particularly relevant to farms across Pembrokeshire, Carmarthenshire and Ceredigion, where sheep remain a major part of the rural economy and where grass quality can vary sharply depending on weather, soil type and stocking pressure.

Dr Bond said the aim should be to keep ewes between body condition score 2.5 and 3.5 throughout the cycle, avoiding big dips and peaks.

Routine checks at weaning, she said, give farmers the best chance of correcting problems before the tups go in two to three months later.

Pic: Farmers are being urged to check ewe condition at weaning to protect flock performance ahead of tupping (Pic: Tim Scrivener/Agriphoto).

 

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Farming

Reform calls for urgent review of farming scheme

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LOW UPTAKE HAS RAISED FRESH QUESTIONS OVER THE FUTURE OF SUPPORT FOR WELSH FARMERS

REFORM WALES has called for an urgent review of the Sustainable Farming Scheme after figures showed only around half of eligible farmers have signed up.

The party said the lower-than-expected uptake showed that serious concerns remained within the farming community over the complexity of the scheme, compliance rules and uncertainty about how it will operate in the long term.

Laura Anne Jones MS, Reform Wales’ Shadow Cabinet Minister for Food, Farming and Rural Affairs, raised the issue during questions to the Welsh Government.

She said: “The figures released by the Welsh Government today confirm what many farmers have been saying for some time: the Sustainable Farming Scheme is too complex, too restrictive and too bureaucratic.

“Farmers need certainty and security, not endless paperwork and rigid requirements that fail to reflect the realities of farming in Wales.

“Reform Wales believes the scheme should be reviewed as a matter of urgency, with a greater focus on flexibility, common sense and practical outcomes.

“Welsh farmers deserve a scheme that works with them, not against them.”

The Sustainable Farming Scheme is due to replace previous systems of agricultural support in Wales and has been one of the most contentious issues facing the rural sector.

Farming unions and campaigners have repeatedly warned that any new system must be practical for family farms and must not add unnecessary red tape at a time when many businesses are already under pressure from rising costs, bovine TB and market uncertainty.

Reform Wales said the Welsh Government must now explain how it intends to respond to the level of take-up and whether changes will be made before the scheme is fully rolled out.

 

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Business

Holiday accommodation conversion of historic farm buildings approved

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PLANS to convert historic farm buildings near north Pembrokeshire’s Whitesands beach for use as holiday accommodation have been given the go-ahead, but their use doesn’t have to be restricted to just that purpose.

In an application to Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, Matthew James of James Properties, through agent Harries Planning Design Management sought permission for the conversion of two derelict barns to two self-catering holiday accommodation units at Porthmawr Ganol, Whitesands, St Davids.

An officer report said: “The farmstead occupies a prominent position within a landscape characterised by open agricultural fields enclosed predominantly by traditional dry-stone walls, exposed coastal pasture and areas of heathland associated with Carn Llidi.”

It added: “The site lies within the Porthmawr Historic Landscape Character Area, an area recognised for its historic pattern of dispersed settlement, traditional farmsteads, dry-stone wall field boundaries and evidence of medieval and post-medieval agricultural activity.

“The retention and reuse of the existing buildings therefore has the potential to preserve an important element of the area’s historic landscape character whilst securing a viable long-term future for structures that would otherwise continue to deteriorate.”

It said that insufficient evidence had initially been submitted to demonstrate that the buildings were unsuitable for permanent residential conversion and only for self-catering accommodation and therefore an affordable housing contribution should be secured.

Policy would lead to a contribution of £36,400, the report said, but a financial viability assessment by the applicant “demonstrated that the development would not be viable if required to provide the full policy contribution,” the maximum contribution capable of being supported whilst maintaining viability was £12,641.

This reduced figure was accepted, the officer report saying: “Whilst this represents a reduced contribution when compared with the full policy requirement, the submitted viability evidence demonstrates that the development could not reasonably support the full contribution whilst remaining deliverable.

“In these circumstances, securing a reduced contribution is considered preferable to losing the opportunity to secure the restoration and beneficial reuse of the historic buildings.”

It stated that, with the affordable contribution, the scheme would not be limited to self-catering development only.

The application was conditionally approved by Park planners.

 

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