Education
Education system showing strengths — but literacy and teaching gaps remain
ESTYN’S Chief Inspector has praised examples of strong practice across Wales’ education system but warned that weaknesses in literacy, teaching quality and leadership are still holding too many learners back.
The findings are set out in the education watchdog’s Annual Report, published today, which draws on inspection evidence from schools, colleges, training providers and wider education services during the 2024–2025 academic year.
While the report highlights encouraging developments — including improvements linked to curriculum reform and new national education bodies — it concludes that the system has not yet worked cohesively enough to ensure consistently high-quality teaching and learning across Wales.
Inspectors identified positive examples, including schools adopting structured approaches to reading, providers building strong professional learning cultures, and local authorities expanding Welsh-medium specialist provision.
However, long-standing challenges remain. These include inconsistencies in leadership and self-evaluation, recruitment difficulties, uneven access to high-quality professional development for teachers, and weaknesses in core skills such as reading, mathematics and digital competence.
Owen Evans, Chief Inspector, said: “This year’s report certainly points to grounds for optimism. Ongoing reform to the curriculum, the new School Improvement Programme, the establishment of Adnodd and Dysgu, and the first fully operational year of Medr provide opportunities to strengthen coherence across the system.
“We are, however, acutely aware of the increasing pressures on providers, including financial constraints, growing numbers of learners educated other than at school and rising demand for specialist provision. Concerns around literacy levels and teaching quality across Wales remain and without a sharper and more sustained focus in these areas, too many learners will continue to fall short of their potential.”
The report reviews inspection and thematic findings from the past academic year across eighteen sectors, including schools, non-maintained nursery settings, further education colleges, apprenticeships, initial teacher education, Welsh-language immersion provision and youth work.
It also examines how well education providers are addressing key challenges facing learners in Wales. Priority themes this year include developing humanities teaching, supporting pupils from Gypsy, Roma and Traveller communities, strengthening independent thinking skills, improving literacy and numeracy across the curriculum, and the impact of leadership on teaching quality.
Mr Evans added: “I would like to thank all settings, providers, staff and learners who continue to demonstrate dedication and commitment despite significant pressures. Estyn remains committed to providing rigorous, constructive and fair independent scrutiny.
“I’m proud to include the innovation and strong practice we have seen across Wales and am optimistic that we can build on these strong foundations. However, decisive action is needed to address systemic weaknesses. We will continue to play our part by highlighting best practice, challenging underperformance and supporting improvement — for learners, for Wales.”
Alongside best-practice case studies, this year’s report is accompanied by a series of podcasts featuring education professionals and learners discussing themes such as apprenticeships and developing independent thinking.
Cymraeg
Two new Milford Haven schools could be built and open by 2032
NEW SCHOOLS in Milford Haven won’t be built before 2030 at the earliest, and 2032 for a planned Welsh Medium school, councillors heard.
The timeline was stated during discussions at Pembrokeshire County Council’s May meeting on educational matters in the county, including a revised governance arrangements for the sustainable communities for learning programme and planning for the future of Welsh medium education in the Milford Haven area.
At the meeting, Cllr Viv Stoddart reflected on a recent school panel visit to Milford Haven, saying a later private talk with pupils showed they were “acutely aware and acutely embarrassed by the situation in their school,” feeling like they were “second-class citizens”.
“Where does the school for Milford Haven sit? Is there a date for it? The state of the school has actually been a concern since 2012.”
Cllr Guy Woodham, who had earlier announced he was stepping down from his Cabinet education role, said he felt a personal disappointment to be stepping down before there was “a spade in the ground”.
He told members his understanding was the outline business case was due to be submitted to Welsh Government in June.
Mike Cavanagh, Head of Culture, Leisure, and School Modernisation told members the to-date £143m scheme needed a robust business case to Welsh Government, which had to be followed to gain approximately two-thirds funding; the final business case expected in 2027, with hopes the English Medium element of the new school would be built in 2030, and a new Welsh Medium in 2032.
In relation to Welsh medium education in the Milford area, a report for members said a 2025 Cabinet meeting had backed the Director of Education be given approval to commence the school organisation process to establish a new 3-11 Welsh medium school in Milford Haven, with a decision now sought to commence statutory consultation.
It said there were currently 19 Welsh-medium schools in Pembrokeshire, but no Welsh-medium school physically located within Milford Haven itself, one of Pembrokeshire’s largest population centres.
It said: “The establishment of a new Welsh-medium primary school in Milford Haven would address the demand evident within the wider Milford Haven area and provide an opportunity to review and rebalance Welsh-medium catchment boundaries.”
Members backed the recommendation to commence statutory consultation on establishing a new Welsh medium primary school to serve the Milford Haven area.
Education
New special education centre to be built in Milford Haven
APPROVAL for a consultation for a special resource centre for pupils with complex needs when the new Milford Haven primary school is built was backed by councillors.
At the May 14 meeting of Pembrokeshire County Council, members were asked to back a consultation on a proposal to establish a Learning Resource Centre (LRC) for pupils with Autistic Spectrum Condition (ASC) and Complex Learning Needs at Milford Haven Community Primary School.
The establishment of an LRC forms part of the outline business case for the redevelopment of schools in Milford Haven.
A report for members said: “A Learning Resource Centre (LRC) is a classroom-based provision within a mainstream school for pupils with complex needs.
“A LRC provides pupils with a broad and balanced curriculum that is highly differentiated, to support them in achieving their full potential and at the same time offering pupils the opportunity to be part of mainstream activities and lessons to socialise with their peers whilst their individual needs are supported and met.
“Generally, LRCs are strategically located to minimise travelling time for pupils. There are currently 10 primary and five Secondary LRCs across Pembrokeshire.”
Primary LRCs in Pembrokeshire are at: Ysgol Glannau Gwaun, Waldo Williams, Fenton, Gelliswick, Monkton, Tenby, Johnston, Pembroke Dock, Neyland, and Ysgol Penrhyn Dewi.
Secondary LRC provisions are located in three areas: North Pembrokeshire – based in Ysgol Bro Gwaun, Fishguard, and Ysgol Penrhyn Dewi, St Davids; South Pembrokeshire – based in Ysgol Harri Tudur, Pembroke, and Ysgol Greenhill, Tenby; Mid Pembrokeshire – based at the Pembrokeshire Learning Centre, Neyland.
The council resolved back in 2019 to establish a LRC at Milford Haven Secondary School, which will replace the current provision at the Pembrokeshire Learning Centre (PLC).
The report added: “Within the Strategic Outline Case for the redevelopment of the Milford Haven schools, provision has already been made for a purpose built 36-place LRC within the new secondary school, replacing the existing provision at the PLC as part of the rolling programme.
“Establishing a 24-place LRC within the proposed primary school on the same site would further enhance local specialist provision and would deliver improved standards of accommodation for pupils with ALN through dedicated, purpose-built facilities designed in accordance with the Welsh Government’s latest area guidelines.
“Milford Haven Community Primary School represents an optimal location for the establishment of a new LRC. The school is the largest feeder to Milford Haven Secondary School and the co-location of primary and secondary provision on a single site creates a clear and coherent pathway for learners with additional learning needs.”
It went on to say the 24-place LRC would account for some £2.6m of the overall projected £143m cost of the overall Milford Haven Schools Redevelopment; the 24-place LRC would receive £316,000 of funding a year.
Approval was moved by Cllr Guy Woodham, backed by Cllr Aled Thomas, and unanimously supported by members.
Community
Cilgerran Church in Wales school discontinuation backed
A CALL to discontinue a Pembrokeshire school has been backed by councillors despite 97 per cent of those responding to a recent consultation being against the change.
Last year, councillors backed a general consultation to discontinue Cilgerran Church in Wales Voluntary Controlled School, and to establish it as a 3-11 community school, the consultation closing earlier this year.
That consultation followed a review which “considered the extent of surplus school places in the area, set against a significant decline in the pupil population,” the council has previously said.
Hundreds opposed the proposed changes, with a petition on the council’s own website opposing the changes gaining 391 signatures.
During the consultation, 203 responses were received; 97 per cent (197 responses) against the proposal, with just 1.5 per cent (three) in favour.
Earlier this year, councillors heard from vice-chair of the school governors Gary Fieldhouse who said the loss of the Church in Wales status would be “a profound mistake,” the school’s association with the church “not symbolic but fundamental”.
Reverend John Cecil had told councillors the proposals were “fundamentally flawed,” with the school’s land legally in trust as a Church of Wales school, and change “essentially creating a new school with no premises to occupy”.
Following the ending of the consultation, a report was brought before the May 14 meeting of Pembrokeshire County Council.
The report for members presented by Cabinet Member for Education and Welsh Language Cllr Guy Woodham, who moved approval, recommended the Director of Education be authorised to publish a Statutory Notice to discontinue Cilgerran Church in Wales Voluntary Controlled school and establish the same as a 3-11 Community School.
On the land issue, the report said: “The Authority acknowledges that the school site includes land owned by the Diocese. Should the proposal proceed, the change of school category would be subject to appropriate legal agreements to ensure continued occupation of the premises.
“No change would be implemented without resolving land ownership and occupation rights in accordance with statutory and legal requirements.”
The report concluded: “The consultation exercise has provided a valuable opportunity for statutory consultees and other interested parties to give their perspective on the proposal to discontinue Cilgerran Church in Wales Voluntary Control School and establish the same as a 3-11 Community School.
“While arguments were made against the proposal, together with a small number of supportive comments, officers remain of the view that this is the most appropriate option in the context of quality and future sustainability of educational provision.”
At the May meeting, Cllr Jamie Adams felt the push for the change was “seemingly pushing water uphill,” with the school performing well; adding: “I’m a bit confused, we’re trying to impose a decision on a community that doesn’t want it.”
Recently elected councillor Scott Thorley echoed that, saying: “97 per cent want to keep it a VC, I think we should respect that.”
Director of Education Steven Richards-Downes said it was “about long term viability in the area,” members hearing from officers Cilgerran had a 28 surplus in pupil spaces.
Members by 34 to 16, with two abstentions, back the discontinuation recommendation.
The statutory notice will trigger a 28-day objection period, an objection report being brought to a future council meeting for determination.
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