Education
Leftover bread crusts can be turned into new food says Aberystwyth University
IF you are concerned about the crusts of your bread going to waste, then new research that promises to turn it into new kinds of food could be the answer.
In a paper published in the journal ‘NPJ Science of Food’, academics at Aberystwyth University have shown that waste bread can be fermented into highly nutritious foods.
Wheat is one of the most consumed crops worldwide, contributing to 20% of the calories and proteins in human diets.
It is a key ingredient for many staple foods, such as breads, cakes, biscuits, cookies and crackers.
Bakery waste, particularly from bread, is a major global concern. Currently around 10% of the 185 million tons of bread baked each year is wasted, mostly at supermarkets and commercial bakers.
The new study is the first time academics have shown grass traditionally used for livestock production can be successfully fermented along with bread by fungi to make alternative proteins.
The new process combines surplus bread with juice from pressed grass which is full of nutrients and protein for fungal growth.
The alternative protein that can be produced from it could end up on the plates of millions, including in fortified bread, pork pies or sausages.
Dr David Bryant from the Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences at Aberystwyth University said:
“This is a real breakthrough that will hopefully tackle the growing global problem of wasted food. Most of us know only too well how much of a problem bread waste is – from the toast thrown away at breakfast or our uneaten sandwiches. But that is not the whole issue – much is wasted commercially in manufacture and retail as well.
“This research gives us a way of tackling that problem through fermentation. It is the use of grass that makes these findings a genuine first. The beauty of this method is that it can use that everyday plant to turn waste into new types of food for the growing world population.”
The type of fungi used in the scientists’ new fermentation is already widely used to produce tempeh, a vegetarian alternative to meat made from fermented cooked soya beans and which is widely eaten in parts of Asia.
Using the pilot-scale biorefining facility at AberInnovation, which is based on Aberystwyth University’s Gogerddan Campus, the scientific breakthrough takes advantage of solid-state fermentation, which is more environmentally friendly and produces less wastewater than other methods.
A spokesperson for Samworth Brothers added:
“Samworth Brothers is a food business with significant influence – our activities impact the environment and climate change, nutrition, employment, supply chains and the communities in which we operate. We’re determined that our influence is for the good.
Supporting this project is a great example of what we can do in addition to our food redistribution activities to find alternative uses for bread crusts.”
The four-year research project is funded by the UKRI Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC).
Professor Anne Ferguson-Smith, BBSRC Executive Chair, said:
“Embracing innovative approaches like this not only helps to combat food waste but also pioneers new ways to sustain our growing population with nutritious alternatives. This latest research from IBERS, one of BBSRC’s strategically supported research institutes, epitomises the type of transformative science BBSRC invests in to foster sustainable and resilient food systems across the UK and around the world. The potential of turning everyday waste into valuable food resources is an opportunity we must capitalise on if we are to successfully secure our global food supply both now and in the future.”
As the study continues, researchers will consider how they can change the flavours and improve the taste of the alternative proteins produced by the fermentation.
Education
Apprenticeship week highlights progress – but Welsh legal trainees ‘left behind’
WALES is marking Apprenticeship Week Wales 2026 with claims of record progress on jobs and training – but legal leaders say one profession is still being left out.
The Welsh Government says more than 100,000 apprenticeships have now been delivered during the current Senedd term, a milestone ministers describe as transforming routes into work for thousands of people across construction, engineering, health, energy and creative industries.
Events are taking place throughout the week to showcase apprentices and employers, with colleges, businesses and job centres highlighting success stories and new opportunities for school leavers and career-changers alike.
However, the Law Society of England and Wales says Wales risks falling behind in one crucial area – access to legal apprenticeships.
Legal gap raised
While many sectors now offer clear apprenticeship pathways up to degree level, the Society says aspiring solicitors in Wales have fewer advanced training options than their counterparts in England.
In particular, it has called for the introduction of Level 7 solicitor apprenticeships in Wales, which would allow trainees to qualify while earning, rather than having to fund lengthy university and postgraduate study or move across the border for opportunities.
The body argues that without those routes, talented young people – especially from lower-income or rural communities – may be priced out of legal careers altogether.
It says the issue is not just about jobs, but about access to justice, with fewer locally trained lawyers potentially affecting high street firms and community legal services.
More than a celebration
Apprenticeship Week Wales, running from February 9 to 15, is intended to promote vocational training as an equal alternative to university.
Supporters say apprenticeships help businesses fill skills gaps while allowing learners to earn a wage and avoid student debt.
Colleges across west Wales are using the week to spotlight programmes in marine engineering, hospitality, construction and health and social care, with employers reporting improved retention and productivity from “grow your own” talent.
But campaigners say the legal sector highlights a wider question: whether all professions are keeping pace with the apprenticeship model.
Local opportunity
For communities like Pembrokeshire and Carmarthenshire, where young people often leave the area for work or study, expanding higher-level apprenticeships could mean more skilled jobs staying local.
Education leaders say stronger vocational routes could help retain talent and support small and medium-sized businesses struggling to recruit.
As the week’s celebrations continue, the message from legal leaders is clear: apprenticeships are working – but only if every profession is included.
Without broader access, they warn, Wales risks creating opportunity in some careers while quietly closing doors in others.
Community
Cilgerran Church in Wales school proposals ‘flawed’
PROPOSALS for a Pembrokeshire Church in Wales school is to be discontinued are “fundamentally flawed,” in part due to land ownership issues, councillors heard.
At last May’s meeting, Pembrokeshire County Council considered a report of the School Modernisation Working Group which outlined the findings of a review of education provision in the Preseli area.
A later July meeting backed a general consultation to discontinue Cilgerran Church in Wales Voluntary Controlled School, and to establish it as a 3-11 community school.
“In particular, the review considered the extent of surplus school places in the area, set against a significant decline in the pupil population,” the council in its consultation has said.
The consultation closed on January 30.
Hundreds have opposed the proposed changes, with a petition, on the council’s own website opposing the changes recently closing after gaining 391 signatures.
Any petition of more than 100 signatures triggers a debate at a council scrutiny committee, in the case of Cilgerran that debate taking place at the February 5 schools and learning overview and scrutiny committee.
The Cilgerran e-petition, created by Louise Williams, said of the proposed changes: “Ysgol Cilgerran VC school has strong links with the Church community in Cilgerran and we believe this [change] will have a negative impact on the children who attend the school, the community of Cilgerran and the links between the two.
“We are proud of our school ethos and values which are strengthened by our links with the church. The school has close and strong relationships with our Church in Wales federation governors one of which is also our safeguarding governor.
“Our Church Federation governors work closely with the school and are regular visitors to the school and the children. They provide vital support and guidance to the school and have a positive impact on the children’s education. We believe these links will be weakened by this proposal to remove our VC status and we believe this is an un-necessary action.”

Speaking at the meeting, vice-chair of the school governors Gary Fieldhouse said the loss of the Church in Wales status would be “a profound mistake,” the school’s association with the church “not symbolic but fundamental,” with “a sense of belonging” that would not be the same if it lost that link and would “change the essence of what we are”.
He said the were issues of land ownership, and the “thriving” school, in a strong financial position with no deficit, was likely to benefit in terms of numbers when a new housing estate in the village was built.
Reverend John Cecil said the proposals were “fundamentally flawed,” with the school’s land legally in trust as a Church of Wales school, and change “essentially creating a new school with no premises to occupy”.

Cabinet member for education Cllr Guy Woodham repeated assurances he had given when petitions for other schools in the county, which are facing potential closures, saying final reports on the school’s future would be “as balanced as possible”.
“I’m happy to give that assurance again; to present in a fair way so councillors can make an informed decision.”
Members heard that legal conversations connected with that issue were ongoing, agreeing to note the petition.
A report on the final proposals will be brought to a future council meeting.
Education
Sam Kurtz quizzed by primary school pupils about how was is governed
PUPILS at St Oswald’s VA Primary School welcomed a visit from local Senedd member Samuel Kurtz on Monday (Feb 2), as children put questions to him about how Wales is governed.
Years five and six pupils took part in an interactive session where the Senedd Cymru member explained the role of the Welsh Parliament, how laws are made, and how elected representatives support local residents.
He outlined what a Member of the Senedd does day-to-day, how decisions affecting communities are taken, and why taking part in democracy is important.
The pupils were then given the chance to quiz him directly, raising questions about politics, local issues and how young people can make their voices heard. Staff said the children showed strong interest and came well prepared.
Speaking afterwards, Mr Kurtz said: “It was a real pleasure to visit St Oswald’s and see such enthusiasm and curiosity from the pupils.
“Understanding how democracy works and how decisions are made is important, and it is encouraging to see young people taking an interest in how their community and country are run.
“I was particularly impressed by the quality of the questions, which showed they had clearly done their research.”
Teachers described the visit as a valuable opportunity to bring lessons about citizenship and Welsh democracy to life.
The school visit forms part of Mr Kurtz’s ongoing programme of meeting with schools, community groups and residents across Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire.
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