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Climate

Cleddau River benefits from two river habitat restoration projects

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A RESTORATION project with ambitions to make a Pembrokeshire river more resilient to the challenges of the climate and nature emergencies is making great strides.

The Natural Resources Wales’ (NRW) Four Rivers for LIFE project team began work to restore the Western Cleddau River in Pembrokeshire in October 2023, with the goal of creating valuable habitat for important fish and wildlife.

The Western Cleddau is designated a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) and has been heavily modified in the past. Dredging and straightening of some parts of the river has significantly affected the condition and health of the river habitat.

The first project saw the introduction of several pieces of large wood into the river to mimic the natural processes that happen when trees fall into rivers. 

Introducing wood narrows the river channel and forces the water around the wood causing localised erosion and creating new meanders.

As material from the erosion deposits in the flow shadow of the wood over time, new gravel, sand and silt bars will be created which will, in turn, create vital habitat and areas for important fish such as lamprey and trout to spawn and raise their young.

The wood also provides shelter for fish from fast flows, shade and cooler water, and cover from predators.

Nathan Walton, Reserves Manager West and Wildlife Trust Officer for Pembrokeshire said: “The installation of a number of woody structures in the river is working well. The root plates are helping to slow water flow and encourage the natural re-meandering of the watercourse.

“Water levels are much higher than before, and areas of the reserve are now becoming wetter. This enhances the open water and fen features of the reserve and the species dependent on them.

“We are extremely grateful to the project for recent works on the upper reaches of the western Cleddau that passes through Llangloffan Fen.”

Llangloffan Fen is a lowland wetland in the upper part of the Western Cleddau river SAC. The fen is a national nature reserve managed in parts by the Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales (WTSWW), Natural Resources Wales (NRW) and some private landowners.

The second project saw the re-introduction of large boulders into a stretch of the Western Cleddau River, near Letterston village.

The boulders are believed to have been removed from the river as part of historic dredging in the late 1960s. This was confirmed by the presence of similar types and sizes of boulders found nearby. These boulders showed clear signs of weathering and erosion as opposed to bank protection boulders, which are quarried and angular in shape.

Introducing the boulders will create more natural flow diversity, as water speeds up on either side of the boulder and slows down upstream and downstream.

These different flow types create perfect conditions for different insects which are part of the food chain that supports species like salmon and otters.

The calm water flows also offer rest areas for fish, as they move up and downstream and swim from boulder to boulder to save energy.

Duncan Dumbreck from the Four Rivers for LIFE project said: “Historic surveys of fish and aquatic insects have found a mix of trout, lamprey, bullhead and stickleback in this part of the river.

“This regenerated habitat will be vital to the survival of species like salmon, which are at risk of becoming extinct in some rivers in Wales.”

Habitat recovery is a very slow process and can take hundreds of years. This work will boost the recovery process by using methods that would naturally occur.

Both projects were funded by the Four Rivers for LIFE Project, an EU LIFE funded programme looking to restore freshwater habitats for rare and important species.

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Climate

Urgent calls for action on Pembroke Commons flooding

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TWO PEMBROKESHIRE councillors have submitted an urgent call for action following recent heavy flooding in parts of Pembroke.

Pembroke councillors Aaron Carey and Jonathan Grimes have submitted an urgent notice of motion ahead of tomorrow’s December 12 meeting of Pembrokeshire County Council following heavy flooding in the town’s Commons and Castle Pond area.

The notice of motion covers six points.

“That this council notes with concern the repeated and increasingly severe flooding experienced in our coastal, estuarial and river-fringe communities over recent weeks — in particular the flooding events affecting the Commons/Castle Pond area.

“That the council further notes that, according to correspondence from the Coastal, Rivers & Drainage Team Manager, the tipping gate at the barrage remains out of operation until mid-January due to mechanical issues; meanwhile high tide, heavy rain, wind-driven tidal surges and overspill at the sluice have combined to overwhelm the drainage/outfall infrastructure.

“That we recognise the current maintenance schedule (delayed till after the summer season) and the justification given — but further that such planning failed to foresee the likelihood of severe winter storm and surge events, which climate change makes more frequent and more intense.

“That this council therefore calls on the Cabinet to commission an urgent review of:

  • The adequacy of the current drainage/outfall and tidal-sluice infrastructure (barrage tipping gate, sluice/sluice-valve, flap valve, outfall capacity) for current and projected climate/tide conditions.
  • The maintenance scheduling policy for coastal and estuarial flood-risk assets, with a view to ensuring critical maintenance is completed before winter high-tide / storm-surge season, rather than — as at present — being delayed until after summer for ‘recreational / biodiversity’ reasons.

“That, pending the outcome of the review, the council should allocate appropriate emergency capital funding to remediate the barrages / sluices / outfalls at risk of failure or blockage — to safeguard residents, properties, highways and public amenities from further flooding.

“That, further, this council resolves to publish a public flood-resilience plan for the county, identifying all coastal and river-fringe ‘hotspots,’ maintenance schedules, responsible teams, and a transparent timeline for upgrades or remedial works — so residents have clarity and confidence in flood prevention measures.”

The submission also includes a question for Cabinet Member Cllr Rhys Sinnett.

“In light of the repeated flooding events across the county – including the recent overflow at Castle Pond and the acknowledgement by your own Coastal, Rivers & Drainage Team that the barrage tipping gate remains inoperable until mid-January can you explain what assessment has been made of the adequacy of our tidal outfall infrastructure in the face of current and projected future storm surges and sea-level rise?

“If no such assessment has yet been undertaken, will you commit now to commissioning an immediate structural and risk-capacity audit, with a report to full council within three months, and with proposals for funding any remedial works required — to avoid recurring damage and disruption to residents, highways, and public amenities?”

A Pembrokeshire County Council spokesman has confirmed the 11th hour call will be heard by full council tomorrow.

Image: Martin Cavaney

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Climate

UK marks 25 years since first offshore wind farm began generating power

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Sector now powers millions of homes and supports 40,000 jobs

THE UK today (Dec 8) marks a significant milestone: 25 years since the country’s first offshore wind farm began generating electricity. Blyth Offshore Wind Farm, built off the Northumberland coast in 2000, consisted of just two turbines producing four megawatts of power — enough for three thousand homes — and laid the foundations for what has become one of the UK’s most important energy industries.

In the space of a single generation, offshore wind has grown into the UK’s largest source of clean electricity. In 2024 it provided more than thirty-four per cent of all renewable power and generated a record seventeen per cent of the UK’s electricity overall, totalling 48.5 terawatt hours. The current fleet has a combined capacity equivalent to five large nuclear power stations.

Across UK waters, 2,878 turbines are now in operation — ten floating and 2,868 fixed — with a total generating capacity of 16.1 gigawatts. That is enough to power more than sixteen million homes each year. Industry estimates suggest that, without this development, the UK would have had to burn an additional twenty million tonnes of gas over the past twenty-five years, producing more than sixty million tonnes of CO₂.

The sector’s growth has also reshaped the economy. Nearly two thousand companies now operate within the UK wind supply chain, including one hundred and sixty factories. Their combined activity is forecast to contribute £18.2bn to the UK economy over the next decade. Around forty thousand jobs are currently supported by offshore wind — a figure projected to rise to ninety-four thousand by 2030.

Construction is accelerating. More than 7.5GW of new offshore wind is already being built and is due to become fully operational within the next two years, with a further 22GW consented through to 2033.

‘Britain is once again leading the world in clean power’

Energy Minister Michael Shanks MP said: “Twenty-five years after the first offshore wind turbines began to turn, Britain is once again leading the world in clean homegrown power. Offshore wind is at the heart of our 2030 mission – helping us reduce our dependence on volatile fossil fuel markets, lower bills for good, and support one hundred thousand jobs by 2030.”

RenewableUK’s Deputy Chief Executive Jane Cooper said the sector’s progress had brought “jobs, investment, energy security, and environmental benefits in equal measure,” adding that next month’s clean power auction could secure a record amount of new offshore capacity. “A consistent pipeline of projects is vital to trigger new investment in factories and supply chain companies,” she said.

Julia Rose, Head of Offshore Wind at The Crown Estate, said the UK’s first 25 years demonstrated “the transformative power of collaboration and strategic vision,” noting that 45 operational wind farms are now in UK waters with a 95GW development pipeline. The Crown Estate plans to bring a further 20–30GW of new leasing opportunities to market by 2030.

Ed Daniels, CEO of Venterra Group, highlighted the role of the UK’s supply chain: “Offshore wind’s success has created tens of thousands of skilled jobs, rejuvenated coastal communities and established the UK as a global exporter of expertise. Continued investment is essential to deliver economic growth and energy security over the next twenty-five years.”

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Climate

Fishguard ‘battery box’ scheme near school refused

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PLANNERS have refused a Pembrokeshire ‘battery box’ electricity storage unit near a Pembrokeshire town school, which has seen local objections including fears of a potential risk to nearby school children.

In an application recommended for approval at the December meeting of Pembrokeshire County Council’s planning committee, AMP Clean Energy sought permission for a micro energy storage project on land at Fishguard Leisure Centre Car Park, near Ysgol Bro Gwaun.

The application had previously been recommended for approval at the November meeting, but a decision was deferred pending a site visit.

The scheme is one of a number of similar applications by AMP, either registered or approved under delegated planning powers by officers.

The battery boxes import electricity from the local electricity network when demand for electricity is low or when there are high levels of renewable energy available, exporting it back during periods of high demand to help address grid reliability issues; each giving the potential to power 200 homes for four hours.

The Fishguard scheme, which has seen objections from the town council and members of the public, was before committee at the request of the local member, Cllr Pat Davies.

Fishguard and Goodwick Town Council objected to the proposal on grounds including visual impact, and the location being near the school.

An officer report said the scheme would be well screened by a Paladin Fence, with a need to be sited close to an existing substation.

Speaking at the December meeting, Ben Wallace of AMP Clean Energy conceded the boxes were “not things of beauty” before addressing previously raised concerns of any potential fire risk, saying that “in the incredibly unlikely” event of a fire, the system would contain it for up to two hours, giving “plenty of time” for it to be extinguished, an alarm immediately sounding, with the fire service raising no concerns.

“These are fundamentally safe, the technology is not new,” he said, comparing them to such batteries in phones and laptops.

One of the three objectors at the meeting raised concerns of the proximity to homes and the school, describing it as “an unsafe, unsustainable and unnecessary location,” with Cllr Jim Morgan of Fishguard Town Council, who had previously raised concerns of the “nightmare scenario” of a fire as children were leaving the school, also voicing similar issues.

Local county councillor Pat Davies, who had spoken at the previous meeting stressing she was not against the technology, just the location and the potential risk to pupils, said the siting would be “a visual intrusion,” with the school having many concerns about the scheme, adding it had been “brought forward without any dialogue of consultation with the school”.

Cllr Davies added: “It is unacceptable that a micro-storage unit should be proposed in this area; someone somewhere has got it wrong.”

Following a lengthy debate, committee chair Cllr Mark Carter proposed going against officers in refusing the scheme; members unanimously refusing the application.

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