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The proposed regulation of cannabis: A Pembrokeshire perspective

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CANNABIS cultivation and its regulation have become pressing issues in Pembrokeshire and the wider UK. With recent raids in West Wales revealing a thriving illegal cannabis industry, some argue that legalisation might be the way forward. CLEAR, the UK’s longest-established cannabis reform group, has put forward a comprehensive plan to regulate the market, which could address many of the challenges faced by communities such as ours.

The problem of illegal cannabis farms is not just a distant concern; it is very much a reality in West Wales. Recent police raids across Pembrokeshire have uncovered extensive cannabis grows. In Neyland, an industrial unit was raided in August, uncovering a substantial cultivation operation, and two men were arrested. In a separate incident in November, another significant grow in Neyland led to charges of cannabis production and electricity theft. Milford Haven’s Charles Street was also the scene of a major bust in July, with police removing nearly 400 plants from a disused bar.

Just weeks ago, police conducted a raid on High Street in Haverfordwest, but the illegal operation had already been abandoned by the time officers arrived, leaving behind their equipment. No arrests were made, according to Dyfed-Powys Police.

Despite these high-profile raids, it is widely believed that many more cannabis farms remain undiscovered in the area. These operations often steal electricity, posing fire hazards, and exploit foreign workers, such as Vietnamese or Bulgarian immigrants, who are forced to live on-site to care for the plants and provide security due to the high value of the crops.

The ongoing raids in Pembrokeshire highlight the dangers of the current prohibition approach. The illicit cannabis market continues to flourish, bringing with it a range of associated problems: from organised crime and unregulated products to the exploitation of vulnerable workers. This mirrors the situation across the UK, where CLEAR estimates that between 1.5 and 2.7 million people consume cannabis monthly, with an illicit market valued at up to £8.8 billion annually.

Illegal grow: 400 plants were found in July 2024 in Charles Street, Milford Haven (Pic: Herald)

CLEAR’s detailed plan proposes that regulation, including legalising cannabis with a tax of £1 per gram, could deliver a net gain to the UK Treasury of up to £9.5 billion per year. This money could fund public services, create new jobs, and undercut organised crime. Experiences from countries and regions where cannabis has been legalised show that regulation can reduce underage use and eliminate the conditions that exploit workers.

The heart of CLEAR’s proposal is the creation of a Cannabis Inspectorate, a government agency tasked with overseeing the entire cannabis market. This inspectorate would be responsible for:

  1. Licensing: Issuing licenses for commercial cultivation, importation, wholesale distribution, and retail sales, ensuring a controlled and safe market. Previous non-violent cannabis convictions would not disqualify applicants, allowing for a fresh start for those affected by past laws.
  2. Quality Control: Conducting scientific analysis of cannabis to ensure products meet safety and cannabinoid content standards, preventing contamination and regulating new products like edibles, beverages, and concentrates.
  3. Enforcement: Implementing penalties for regulatory breaches, with severe penalties for supplying to minors, ensuring that cannabis products are sold responsibly.

CLEAR’s plan stresses that doctors should be allowed to prescribe cannabis for medical purposes. Currently, medical cannabis products are regulated but are often expensive and accessible only through private healthcare. CLEAR advocates expanding prescription rights to General Practitioners (GPs) and having the Cannabis Inspectorate oversee Cannabis-based Products for Medical Use (CBPMs). This would simplify the process and make medical cannabis more accessible, addressing the current system’s flaws and overly strict regulations.

CLEAR proposes a retail model similar to those for alcohol and tobacco, where only licensed and “fit and proper” individuals or companies can sell cannabis. Retail sales would include:

  • Age Restrictions: Sales limited to adults, with mandatory ID checks.
  • Packaging: All products supplied in childproof packaging with clear labeling on origin, cannabinoid content, and harm reduction information.
  • Harm Reduction Information: Retailers would provide health information to promote responsible consumption.

CLEAR recommends a tax rate of £1 per gram for cannabis, providing the government with significant revenue. A careful tax strategy would aim to undercut the illicit market while funding effective regulation, education, and public services. The Canadian model serves as a successful example, where, after six years, over 70% of cannabis purchases are through legal channels.

In Pembrokeshire, recent raids have shown that illicit cannabis operations are often linked to other illegal activities, such as electricity theft and the exploitation of vulnerable, often foreign workers. By legalising and regulating cannabis, Pembrokeshire could see a reduction in these criminal activities. Legitimate businesses would be established under strict guidelines, removing the need for illegal grows and making the industry safer for workers.

Cannabis grows often use dangerous electricity hook ups (Image: File)

Pembrokeshire’s recent cannabis farm discoveries indicate that legalisation could bring the industry into a safer, regulated space. The proposed Cannabis Inspectorate would ensure that only safe, high-quality products are available, and it would oversee commercial and domestic cultivation. Licenses for home cultivation would allow residents to grow up to three plants under artificial lighting and three more under natural light, eliminating the need for dangerous and unregulated grows.

Police found a cannabis farm in a former school in Llandysul in July 2024 (Pic: DPP)

Cannabis Cafés similar to the Dutch coffee shop model could also be introduced, providing safe and social environments for adults to consume cannabis. The introduction of legal outlets would also reduce underage use, as seen in other countries with legal cannabis markets.

The ongoing issues in Pembrokeshire illustrate the flaws of the current prohibition approach. By moving cannabis into a regulated market, CLEAR’s plan aims to reduce health and social harms, protect children, maximise economic benefits, and dismantle a significant revenue stream for organised crime. Legalisation could provide Pembrokeshire, and the UK as a whole, with a way to turn a dangerous illicit trade into a legitimate, safe, and beneficial industry. The conversation in Pembrokeshire must now shift to how the community can best implement a regulated market, ensuring safety, quality, and a fair path forward for all involved in the cannabis trade.

Health

Resident doctors in Wales vote to accept new contract

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RESIDENT doctors across Wales have voted to accept a new contract, with 83% of those who took part in a referendum backing the agreement, according to BMA Cymru Wales.

The contract includes a four per cent additional investment in the resident doctor workforce and introduces a range of reforms aimed at improving training conditions, wellbeing and long-term workforce sustainability within NHS Wales. The BMA says the deal also supports progress towards pay restoration, which remains a central issue for doctors.

Key changes include new safeguards to limit the most fatiguing working patterns, measures intended to address medical unemployment and career progression concerns, and reforms to study budgets and study leave to improve access to training opportunities.

Negotiations between the BMA’s Welsh Resident Doctors Committee, NHS Wales Employers and the Welsh Government concluded earlier this year. Following a consultation period, a referendum of resident doctors and final-year medical students in Wales was held, resulting in a clear majority in favour of the proposals.

Welsh Resident Doctors Committee chair Dr Oba Babs Osibodu said the agreement marked a significant step forward for doctors working in Wales.

He said: “We’re proud to have negotiated this contract, which offers our colleagues and the future generation of doctors safer terms of service, fairer pay, and better prospects so that they can grow and develop their careers in Wales.

“This contract will help to retain the doctors already in training, and also attract more doctors to work in Wales, where they can offer their expertise and benefit patients.”

Dr Osibodu added that the BMA remains committed to achieving full pay restoration and acknowledged that challenges remain for some doctors.

“Whilst this contract sets the foundations for a brighter future for resident doctors in Wales, we recognise that there are still doctors who are struggling to develop their careers and secure permanent work,” he said. “We need to work with the Welsh Government and NHS employers to address training bottlenecks and underemployment.”

The Welsh Government has previously said it recognises the pressures facing resident doctors and the importance of improving recruitment and retention across NHS Wales, while also highlighting the need to balance pay agreements with wider NHS funding pressures and patient demand.

The new contract is expected to be phased in from August 2026. It will initially apply to doctors in foundation programmes, those in specialty training with unbanded rotas, and new starters, before being rolled out to all resident doctors across Wales.

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Crime

Swansea man jailed for online child sex offence dies in prison

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A SWANSEA man who was jailed earlier this year for attempting to engage in sexual communication with a child has died while in custody.

Gareth Davies, aged 59, of the Maritime Quarter, was serving an 18-month prison sentence after being convicted in May of sending sexually explicit messages to what he believed was a 14-year-old girl. The account was in fact a decoy used as part of an online safeguarding operation.

The court heard that Davies began communicating with the decoy between November and December 2024 and persistently pursued the individual, later attempting to arrange a face-to-face meeting. He was arrested after being confronted by the decoy operators.

Davies had pleaded not guilty but was convicted following a trial. At the time of sentencing, police described the messages as extremely concerning and said his imprisonment was necessary to protect children.

It has now been confirmed that Davies died at HMP Parc on Wednesday (Nov 27) while serving his sentence.

The Prisons and Probation Ombudsman has launched an independent investigation into the death, which is standard procedure in all cases where someone dies in custody. No cause of death has been released at this stage.

A coroner will determine the circumstances in due course.

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Farming

Welsh Conservatives warn climate plans could mean fewer livestock on Welsh farms

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THE WELSH CONSERVATIVES have challenged the Welsh Government over climate change policies they say could lead to reductions in livestock numbers across Wales, raising concerns about the future of Welsh farming.

The row follows the Welsh Government’s decision, alongside Plaid Cymru and the Welsh Liberal Democrats, to support the UK Climate Change Committee’s Fourth Carbon Budget, which sets out the pathway towards Net Zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.

The Carbon Budget, produced by the independent Climate Change Committee (CCC), states that meeting Net Zero targets will require a reduction in agricultural emissions, including changes to land use and, in some scenarios, a reduction in livestock numbers.

During questioning in the Senedd, the Welsh Conservatives pressed the Deputy First Minister and Cabinet Secretary for Climate Change and Rural Affairs on whether the Welsh Government supports reducing livestock numbers as part of its climate strategy.

Speaking after the exchange, Welsh Conservative Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs, Samuel Kurtz MS, said the Welsh Government could not distance itself from the implications of the policy it had backed.

Mr Kurtz said: “By voting in favour of these climate change regulations, Labour, Plaid Cymru and the Liberal Democrats have signed up to the UK Climate Change Committee’s call to cut livestock numbers in Wales, and they cannot dodge that reality.

“The Deputy First Minister’s smoke-and-mirrors answers only confirm what farmers already fear: that Labour, along with their budget bedfellows in Plaid and the Lib Dems, are prepared to sacrifice Welsh agriculture in pursuit of climate targets.”

He added that the issue came at a time of growing pressure on the farming sector, pointing to uncertainty over the proposed Sustainable Farming Scheme, the ongoing failure to eradicate bovine TB, nitrogen pollution regulations under the Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZs), and proposed changes to inheritance tax rules affecting family farms.

The Welsh Government has repeatedly said it does not have a target to forcibly reduce livestock numbers and has argued that future emissions reductions will come through a combination of improved farming practices, environmental land management, and changes in land use agreed with farmers.

Ministers have also said the Sustainable Farming Scheme, which is due to replace the Basic Payment Scheme, is intended to reward farmers for food production alongside environmental outcomes, rather than remove land from agriculture.

The UK Climate Change Committee, which advises governments across the UK, has stressed that its pathways are based on modelling rather than fixed quotas, and that devolved governments have flexibility in how targets are met.

However, farming unions and rural groups in Wales have warned that policies focused on emissions reduction risk undermining the viability of livestock farming, particularly in upland and marginal areas where alternatives to grazing are limited.

The debate highlights the growing tension between climate targets and food production in Wales, with livestock farming remaining a central part of the rural economy and Welsh cultural identity.

As discussions continue over the final shape of the Sustainable Farming Scheme and Wales’ long-term climate plans, pressure is mounting on the Welsh Government to reassure farmers that climate policy will not come at the expense of the sector’s survival.

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