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Crime

Violence in Welsh prisons blamed on staff shortages, drugs and neglect

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Inspectors warn of rising assaults as inmates spend longer locked in cells with little rehabilitation

VIOLENCE across Welsh prisons has reached crisis levels, with assaults between prisoners and attacks on staff soaring amid chronic staff shortages, rampant drug use and long lock-up hours.

A growing body of evidence, including Ministry of Justice data, inspection findings and independent research, paints a picture of a prison system buckling under pressure. In some institutions, assaults have more than doubled in five years, with serious injuries becoming alarmingly routine.

At HMP Cardiff, assaults on staff rose from 20 in 2022/23 to 52 last year – a 160 per cent increase. The prison also recorded 168 prisoner-on-prisoner attacks, up 42 per cent in five years. Across Wales, the picture is much the same, as overcrowding, poor rehabilitation and undertrained officers drive a spiral of violence and despair.

A system on the brink

Figures show that prisoner-on-prisoner assaults across Welsh prisons rose 80 per cent in 2023, while assaults on staff rose 69 per cent. Self-harm incidents are up more than half, and deaths in custody have risen steeply, particularly in prisons where drug use is rife.

The causes are interlinked: inexperience, understaffing, mental health decline, drugs, debt and boredom. Overcrowded jails and endless hours behind locked doors are fuelling frustration and aggression.

A senior officer told The Herald: “When a prisoner owes money for drugs, it doesn’t just disappear – it ends in a beating, a stabbing, or worse. The gangs run the wings because there aren’t enough experienced officers to control them.”

Drugs, debt and retribution

Synthetic drugs such as Spice are flooding prisons across Wales. Drones and corrupt smuggling routes are feeding a thriving black market, and prisoners are racking up debts they cannot pay. Violence is often the result.

At HMP Parc in Bridgend, inspectors found that 57 per cent of prisoners said it was easy to get drugs. In one year there were nearly 900 drug finds, and the number of drug-related deaths rose dramatically. Prisoners described days locked up for 21 hours, with no meaningful activity and little food.

Drugs create their own power structures inside the walls. Those who control supply control the prison, while those in debt are left vulnerable to beatings, extortion and retribution.

Parc Prison’s shocking decline

Parc Prison (Image: Herald archive)

Once considered one of the UK’s better-run prisons, Parc has become a byword for crisis. Inspectors recorded 722 assaults in the 12 months before their 2025 visit – 110 of them serious – representing a 60 per cent rise since the previous inspection.

Seventeen inmates died there in one year, 12 of them in just six months. Violence, drugs and self-harm have soared. The inspection concluded that Parc had “declined significantly” and was now “too violent, too drug-ridden and too unstable.”

The prison is operated by private firm G4S, and critics say profit motives have made matters worse. Staff turnover is high, morale is low, and rehabilitation programmes have withered. Former prisoners describe a chaotic regime: “You’re either locked up, off your head, or fighting over debt. The staff just shut the doors and hope it blows over.”

Cardiff: overcrowding and rising assaults

Cardiff Prison (Image: BBC)

Cardiff, a local Victorian prison in the Adamsdown area, has not escaped the violence. Figures obtained under the Freedom of Information Act show that prisoner-on-prisoner assaults have risen by 42 per cent in five years, reaching 168 in 2024/25.

Assaults on staff more than doubled between 2022/23 and 2024/25, from 20 to 52 – a 160 per cent increase.

The most recent inspection found that almost two-thirds of prisoners were sharing single cells, with many locked up for long periods. Nearly half said drugs were easy to get, and self-harm incidents rose by a third in 2023 alone.

Despite strong leadership and generally good relationships between staff and prisoners, the report described a “pressured and overcrowded” establishment. Cardiff had ten suicides since 2019 and remains among the most stretched prisons in Wales.

Patrick Mallon, a solicitor at JF Law, said: “The alarming year-on-year rise in assaults in UK prisons is a stark reflection of a system under immense strain. With populations growing and so many prisons officially overcrowded, the Ministry of Justice is facing a crisis where violence becomes increasingly common.”

Swansea: safer but under strain

Inside Cardiff Prison (Image: HMPS)

HMP Swansea remains an exception – for now. The latest inspection found just 34 prisoner-on-prisoner assaults in a year, and violence against staff described as “among the lowest of all reception prisons.”

However, inspectors warned that the prison’s relative calm depended on stable staffing and leadership. Work and education spaces were limited, leaving many prisoners idle. With overcrowding rising elsewhere, there are fears Swansea could follow the same pattern as Parc and Cardiff if staffing levels fall.

Overcrowding and long lock-ups

The Welsh prison population has grown steadily for three decades, mirroring the national trend. Across England and Wales there are now more than 88,000 inmates – double the number held in 1994 – yet the number of uniformed officers has barely increased.

Many prisoners spend more than 20 hours a day locked in their cells. With little access to work, training or exercise, frustration boils over. In an already volatile environment, small disputes escalate into violence.

Long hours alone also take a toll on mental health. Self-harm incidents across Wales rose 53 per cent in 2023, and inspectors report growing numbers of prisoners on suicide prevention measures.

Swansea Prison (Archive photo)

Private profit and public cost

Campaigners argue that the private operation of Parc has exposed the risks of running prisons for profit. With cost pressures and high staff turnover, safety and rehabilitation often fall by the wayside.

A spokesperson for the Prison Officers’ Association said: “You can’t run safe prisons on minimum wage and profit margins. Officers are undertrained, overworked and terrified. It’s a ticking time bomb.”

A broken duty of care

Under law, prison authorities have a duty of care to protect those in custody and to provide a safe working environment for staff. Where that duty is breached, both prisoners and officers have the right to seek compensation for physical or psychological harm.

But campaigners say litigation should not be the only route to accountability. The system itself needs reform.

Legal Expert’s analysis points out that for every ten extra prisoners per thousand, assaults on staff rise by 1.5 and prisoner-on-prisoner assaults by one. The conclusion is stark: violence is built into overcrowding.

Calls for reform

Experts and unions are united in calling for reform. They say the government’s £40 million “Plan for Change,” which promises 14,000 new prison places by 2031, will not be enough without investment in staff training, rehabilitation and mental health care.

Proposed solutions include better pay and retention schemes for officers, more purposeful activity for inmates, and tighter control of contraband. Independent monitoring boards have also urged greater transparency and tougher oversight of private contracts.

The human cost

Behind the statistics are broken people – inmates and officers alike. Many of those injured will never fully recover, and each death in custody represents a failure of care.

Families of those who died at Parc and Cardiff say they were failed by a system that could not keep their loved ones safe. Officers speak of colleagues assaulted or traumatised beyond repair.

Until the root causes – drugs, debt, understaffing and neglect – are tackled head-on, violence will continue to define life inside Welsh prisons. The cost is measured not only in bruises and broken bones, but in trust, safety and human dignity.

 

Crime

Blank firing firearms amnesty to be held next month   

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DYFED-POWYS POLICE is holding a four-week Firearms Amnesty for five types of BRUNI-manufactured side/top-venting blank firers (TVBFs) which are now illegal to possess following testing by the National Crime Agency (NCA) and policing.

The amnesty will take place between 2 and 27 February, after which anyone in possession of one of the specified TVBFs could be subject to prosecution and up to 10 years imprisonment. 

Tests by the National Crime Agency have shown that five specific types of top-venting blank firearms are readily convertible and therefore illegal.

Side/top-venting blank firers are legal to buy in the UK without a licence by over 18s unless they are readily convertible. Tests by the NCA and policing have shown that the following BRUNI models are readily convertible and are therefore illegal:

  • 8mm PAK Bruni BBM Model 92 blank firing self-loading pistol
  • 8mm PAK Bruni BBM New Police blank firing self-loading pistol
  • 8mm PAK Bruni BBM Model 96 blank firing self-loading pistol
  • 8mm PAK Bruni BBM Model ‘GAP’ blank firing self-loading pistol
  • .380R (9mmK) PAK Bruni BBM ME Ranger single-action blank firing revolver

The amnesty will provide owners an opportunity to hand in TVBFs at police stations around Dyfed and Powys.

The locations in Dyfed-Powys are:

  • Carmarthenshire: Ammanford, Carmarthen and Llanelli
  • Pembrokeshire: Haverfordwest
  • Ceredigion: Aberystwyth and Cardigan
  • Powys: Brecon, Llandrindod Wells and Newtown

You can visit the stations between the hours of 8am-4pm Monday to Friday.

To ensure safety when transporting a TVBF, please:

  • Place the item in a bag or box to keep it out of public sight.
  • Make a specific journey solely for this purpose to minimise the time spent in public.
  • Upon arrival, inform the staff at the front counter that you are there to hand in a firearm before presenting it to them.

The police are asking people to hand in any TVBFs before February 27 in order to avoid prosecution and to prevent these pistols getting into the wrong hands.

Many TVBFs may be held in innocence and ignorance of their illegality or may be overlooked or forgotten in people’s homes. The amnesty gives holders the chance to dispose of the TVBFs safely by taking it to one of the local police stations listed above and handing it in.

During the amnesty period, those handing in one of the five identified BRUNI TVBFs will not face prosecution for the illegal possession and they can remain anonymous.

Dyfed-Powys Police Sergeant Haydon Mathias said: “Gun crime in the Dyfed-Powys area remains very rare but we are not complacent about it, which is why we are supporting the national BRUNI TVBF firearms amnesty.

“Surrendering these weapons now will help prevent them getting into the wrong hands in the future and being used by criminals, so we want as many top-venting blank firers as possible to be handed in.”

If you cannot travel to one of the locations during the amnesty, you can call us on 101, where we can discuss this with you to ensure you can take part.  

If you are ever in doubt, we urge you to make contact with us for advice.  

 

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Crime

Man denies murdering brother as jury hears of ‘ferocious attack’ at Morriston flat

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Brother found dead after neighbours raised alarm over distressed dog, Swansea Crown Court told

A MAN accused of murdering his brother is standing trial at Swansea Crown Court, where jurors heard harrowing evidence about the final hours of a 48-year-old man found dead at his home in Morriston.

Darren Steel, aged 41, from Morriston, Swansea, denies murdering his brother Martin Steel on May 20, 2023. He also faces an alternative charge of manslaughter.

Opening the prosecution case on Tuesday morning (Jan 27), prosecutor Andrew Jones told the jury that Martin Steel was discovered dead inside his flat at Hill View Crescent after neighbours became concerned when his dog was found whining alone in the garden at around 8.30am.

The court heard that neighbours attempted to alert Mr Steel but received no response. They took the dog into their home and noticed its fur was matted with a red-brown substance and that the animal appeared distressed.

Martin Steel: The Crown alleges he was murdered by his brother, Darren.

Further attempts were made to get an answer at the flat before another neighbour suggested contacting Mr Steel’s mother, who had been due to go shopping with him that morning.

She arrived shortly afterwards but was unable to enter through the front door, which was deadlocked, or the back door, which had been chained shut. From inside the property, she heard a voice she recognised as belonging to her son Darren ask: “Who’s that?”

After identifying herself, she was asked: “Have you brought the police with you?”

She replied that she had not, and the door was then opened.

Upon entering the flat, she found Martin Steel slumped in a chair, his face covered in blood and his eyes and face severely swollen. Mr Jones told the court the injuries were consistent with what he described as an “aggressive, ferocious attack”.

The court heard that Martin Steel’s mother placed her hand on his forehead and checked for a pulse and heartbeat, but found none. His body was cold. She called 999 and, following instructions from the emergency call handler, moved him onto the floor.

Mr Jones told the jury that the defendant then fled the scene.

While tending to her son, she heard Darren Steel say: “He’s not dead,” after she said she could not find a pulse. She also described his eyes as looking “like a shark’s eyes”.

Emergency services arrived and attempted CPR, but Martin Steel was pronounced dead at 11.06am.

The court heard that Martin Steel suffered extensive injuries, including cuts, abrasions and bruising to his face and head, internal bruising, a fractured voice box and larynx horn, collapse of his airway, and a lower lip detached from his jaw. The injuries were consistent with blunt force trauma.

The prosecution say Darren Steel killed his brother during what was described as a “fit of extreme rage”. The defendant claims he acted in self-defence after being punched twice during an argument, saying he struck his brother four to five times lawfully.

Mr Jones told the jury that body-worn camera footage captured at the scene showed what he described as an “extreme violent attack” and “starkly exposes the lie” that Martin Steel was the aggressor.

After fleeing the flat, the defendant went to a friend’s address, where he arrived intoxicated and sobbing. He told the friend that an argument with his brother had “gone too far”. He was advised to hand himself in.

When a police van arrived nearby, officers asked the defendant to identify himself. He gave the name “Andrew Jones”. The friend mouthed his real name to officers, and Darren Steel was arrested and taken to Swansea Police Station.

At the police station, the court heard that the defendant said he had smoked heroin with his brother and his girlfriend. He claimed his brother had been “coming on to” his girlfriend and had punched him several times. He said he had stayed in the flat all night, placing pillows behind his brother’s head and neck, adding: “If he’s gone, it’s manslaughter.”

A post-mortem examination concluded that Martin Steel died from blunt impact trauma to the left side of his head and face and the front of his neck, together with airway impairment caused by the deliberate application of force to a vulnerable area of the body, consistent with an intention to kill.

A microscopic examination showed that Martin Steel survived for between three and six hours after the assault, during which time the defendant was present but did nothing to help him.

Mr Jones told the court: “This demonstrates he must have been in terrible pain and suffering for several hours. The defendant did not raise a finger to help him and did nothing to give his brother any chance of survival.

“The defendant’s only concern was purely for himself.”

Jurors were shown photographs and blood-spatter analysis which, the prosecution say, contradict the defendant’s claim that his brother was standing during the assault. Instead, the evidence was said to be consistent with a man being punched while seated in a chair.

Analysis of the defendant’s clothing suggested blood transfer occurred as the victim’s blood was beginning to clot, indicating what the prosecution described as prolonged violence.

The court also heard evidence about events in the days leading up to the death. Mr Jones told jurors that on May 18 and 19, 2023, the defendant was involved in what he described as escalating violence towards others.

The prosecution said Darren Steel had since been convicted of unlawful wounding after assaulting Julian Samuels by punching him, strapping him to a chair with parcel tape, continuing to strike him to the face and throat, pressing fingers into his eyes, and threatening to cut his throat.

The jury also heard that the defendant had been convicted of assaulting his girlfriend, Dawn Begley, at Martin Steel’s flat the night before the killing. CCTV footage was shown of him chasing her with a hammer and later grabbing her by the hair in the road.

Ms Begley told the court she believed she would have been killed had she been forced back into the flat.

Mr Jones said the earlier incidents demonstrated an escalating pattern of violence that culminated in Martin Steel’s death.

He told the jury: “Darren Steel was in a fit of rage and he took it out on his brother. Martin Steel was incapable of defending himself. He stood idly by as his brother’s life ebbed away.”

The trial continues at 10.30am on Wednesday (Jan 28).

 

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Crime

Haverfordwest man jailed for online death threat

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A Haverfordwest man has been sentenced to a year in prison after sending a threatening message online.

Michael Carruthers, 34, of Magdalene Street, Merlin’s Bridge, appeared at Haverfordwest Magistrates’ Court facing charges of common assault and sending a communication threatening death under the Online Safety Act.

The court heard that Carruthers assaulted a man in Haverfordwest on 13 January. Just three days later, on 16 January, he sent an online message stating: “I’m going to f***ing kill him,” either intending the threat or being reckless as to whether it would be believed.

Carruthers pleaded guilty to both offences.

Magistrates were told that he was “unmanageable in the community” and showed a “flagrant disregard for people and their property.”

He was sentenced to 12 months’ imprisonment for the death threat, with a concurrent 12-week sentence for the assault. In addition, Carruthers must pay £200 in compensation to his victim and £85 in court costs.

 

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