Business
An experimental nuclear fusion reactor could be built in Pembrokeshire
PEMBROKESHIRE could be the location of an experimental nuclear fusion reactor, which could produce abundent clean energy, if the council backs plans for a site on land owned jointly between Valero oil refinery and Pembroke Power station.
Pembrokeshire County Council’s Cabinet will be asked next week (May 17) to support the project, which it is hoped could create limitless energy.
The officers of the council are recommending to Cabinet that members approve the nominated site being included on the list of UKAEA candidate sites.
Elsewhere in Wales, the Vale of Glamorgan Council is bidding for it to be built at the Aberthaw power station site.
Communities had until the end of March to nominate locations.
If approved the nuclear fusion station, the council’s officers say, could position Pembrokeshire at the international forefront of the clean energy revolution, bringing visibility to the community on a global stage. It was also recommended that the project will bring long-term and enduring environmental, employment, skills and economic benefits to the host community.
However, Greenpeace believes that nuclear fusion is an expensive distraction from the real agenda of providing environmentally benign, reliable energy supply. The campaign group gas also written to Parliament saying that the deuterium-tritium (D-T) fuel mixture used in nuclear fusion produces four times as many high energy neutrons per kilowatt-hour of energy produced than sandard nuclear fission.

Nevertheless the government has a concept programme called STEP, which is an ambitious programme for the conceptual design of a fusion power station. It is a UKAEA administered programme, currently with £220 million funding to produce a phase 1 concept design by 2024.
Beyond 2024, it is claimed, phase 2 intends to move into the engineering design and build phases to deliver the prototype of a commercially viable fusion plant. The prototype will hopefully demonstrate the commercial viability of fusion. The learning from this will enable the future development of a UK fleet of commercial fusion plants, the government said. The target date for the first fully operational plant will be 2040.
In November 2020, the UK Government released an open call to communities across the UK to identify sites that could accommodate a STEP power station, with the site near Valero being chosen.
A report to councillors sitting on the Cabinet states that unlike with conventional nuclear power, there is a benefit of limited risk of nuclear materials proliferation. This is because nuclear fusion doesn’t employ fissile materials like uranium and plutonium. There are no enriched materials in a fusion reactor that could be exploited to make nuclear weapons.
The STEP programme said that it seeks to maximise the recycling and re-use of materials and only use disposal routes where there is no other option.
It said to this end research is being carried out on suitable materials to minimise decay times as much as possible. Any radioactivity of the components in the tokamak structure is classed as low level and relatively short lived.
Fusion is regarded by Government as being carbon free, safe, low land use, low, manageable waste, reliable energy baseload with unlimited fuel.
Paul Miller, Cabinet Member for Economy, Tourism, Leisure and Culture on Pembrokeshire County Council said: “The Haven Waterway has provided livelihoods, underpinned by fossil fuels, for thousands of Pembrokeshire families, mine included, for more than 50 years.
“Its my job to help ensure the waterway continues to provide high skilled, engineering, science and technology jobs for the next generation of this county and so linked to our focus on climate change (and in addition to our existing multi-million pound commitments to supporting wind, wave and tidal clean power generation) my team have been exploring whether we can also support the development of clean, green fusion technology.
“It very early days in the UK Atomic Energy Authority’s site selection process but we’ll provide regular updates as things progress.”
What is nuclear fusion?
Fusion is the process that takes place in the heart of stars and provides the power that drives the universe. When light nuclei fuse to form a heavier nucleus, they release bursts of energy. This is the opposite of nuclear fission – the reaction that is used in nuclear power stations today – in which energy is released when a nucleus splits apart to form smaller nuclei.

To produce energy from fusion here on Earth, a combination of hydrogen gases – deuterium and tritium – are heated to very high temperatures (over 100 million degrees Celsius). The gas becomes a plasma and the nuclei combine to form a helium nucleus and a neutron, with a tiny fraction of the mass converted into ‘fusion’ energy. A plasma with millions of these reactions every second can provide a huge amount of energy from very small amounts of fuel.
One way to control the intensely hot plasma is to use powerful magnets. The most advanced device for this is the ‘tokamak’, a Russian word for a ring-shaped magnetic chamber. CCFE’s goal is to develop fusion reactors using the tokamak concept.
Advantages of fusion power
With increasing concerns over climate change and finite supplies of fossil fuels, we need new, better ways to meet our growing demand for energy. The benefits of fusion power make it an extremely attractive option:
- No carbon emissions. The only by-products of fusion reactions are small amounts of helium, an inert gas which can be safely released without harming the environment.
- Abundant fuels. Deuterium can be extracted from water and tritium will be produced inside the power station from lithium, an element abundant in the earth’s crust and seawater. Even with widespread adoption of fusion power stations, these fuel supplies would last for many thousands of years.
- Energy efficiency. One kilogram of fusion fuel could provide the same amount of energy as 10 million kilograms of fossil fuel. A 1 Gigawatt fusion power station will need less than one tonne of fuel during a year’s operation.
- Less radioactive waste than fission. There is no radioactive waste by-product from the fusion reaction. Only reactor components become radioactive; the level of activity depends on the structural materials used. Research is being carried out on suitable materials to minimise decay times as much as possible.
- Safety. A large-scale nuclear accident is not possible in a fusion reactor. The amounts of fuel used in fusion devices are very small (about the weight of a postage stamp at any one time). Furthermore, as the fusion process is difficult to start and keep going, there is no risk of a runaway reaction which could lead to a meltdown.
- Reliable power. Fusion power plants will be designed to produce a continuous supply of large amounts of electricity. Once established in the market, costs are predicted to be broadly similar to other energy sources.
Business
Tenby Poundland site could become retro gaming lounge
TENBY’S former Poundland and Royal Playhouse cinema could become a retro computer gaming lounge, plans submitted to the national park hope.
Following a takeover by investment firm Gordon Brothers, Poundland shut 57 stores earlier this year, including Tenby.
Prior to being a Poundland, the site was the Royal Playhouse, which had its final curtain in early 2011 after running for nearly a century.
The cinema had been doing poor business after the opening of a multiplex in Carmarthen; in late 2010 the opening night of the-then latest Harry Potter blockbuster only attracted an audience of 12 people.
In an application to Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, Matthew Mileson of Newport-based MB Games Ltd, seeks permission for a ‘CONTINUE? Retro Gaming Lounge’ sign on the front of the former Gatehouse (Playhouse) Cinema, White Lion Street, most recently used as a Poundland store.
The signage plans form part of a wider scheme for a retro gaming facility at the former cinema site, which has a Grade-II-listed front facade, a supporting statement through agent Asbri Planning Ltd says.
“The subject site is located within the settlement of Tenby along White Lion St. The site was formerly the Gatehouse Cinema and currently operates as a Poundland discount store, which closed on October 18.”
It adds: “This application forms part of a wider scheme for the change of use to the former Gatehouse Cinema. Advertisement consent is sought for a non-illuminated aluminium composite folded panel that will be bolted onto the front façade of the proposed building, in replacement of the existing signage (Poundland).”
It stresses: “It is considered that the proposed advertisement will not have a detrimental impact on the quality of the environment, along with being within a proportionate scale of the building. It is considered that the proposed signage will reflect site function.
“Furthermore, due to the sympathetic scale and design of the sign itself, it is considered that the proposal will not result in any adverse visual amenity impacts.
“The proposal is reduced in sized compared to the existing Poundland advertisement. The sign will not be illuminated. Given the above it is considered that such proportionate signate in association with the proposed retro gaming lounge is acceptable and does not adversely affect visual amenity.”
An application for a retro gaming lounge by MB Games Ltd was recently given the go-ahead in Swansea.
Business
Llandeloy cottage crochet plans given the green light
A CALL to change the use of a Pembrokeshire farm holiday cottage to a crochet workshop has been given the go-ahead by Pembrokeshire planners.
In an application to Pembrokeshire County Council, Mr and Mrs Evans of Lochmeyler Farm, Llandeloy, through agent Harries Planning Design Management, sought permission for a change of use of a self-catered cottage to a crochet workshop.
A supporting statement says the application, one of a number of historic farm diversification schemes on site “seeks to continue to evolve with current market demands,” the cottage proposed for the change of use once a former outbuilding that was originally converted in 1992 into “a well-established holiday let”.
It added: “Made by Margo is a well-regarded local business founded by Margo Evans, a passionate lifelong crafter who began knitting at a young age. Her company specialises in creating handcrafted, contemporary crochet products using high-quality natural materials.
“Accordingly, Margo is a highly sought-after teacher known for her popular crochet classes. This proposal is motivated by a recognised need for a permanent space for the business, as to date the applicant has needed to use community halls or similar spaces to accommodate clients.
“Thus, the proposed change of use will secure a permanent space for these workshops and will future proof the business against the lack of availability of public spaces.
“Other alternatives have been considered with the cottage being the most viable option, particularly as demand has waned for holiday cottage post Covid-19. The holiday cottage, whilst once popular, is no longer in high demand, with visitors requiring more modern amenities and larger spaces which without significant investment, this holiday cottage is unable to provide.
“Consequently, the cottage’s change of use will diversify the farm’s revenue, while simultaneously providing a permanent base for a small rural business. While the primary customer base is local, the space may also help attract seasonal tourism and broaden the business’s appeal.”
It says the operation would be on a small scale, with a maximum of six people per class and a three day per-week schedule.
An officer report, recommending approval, said: “The provision of a workshop would have both social and environmental benefits for the applicant and local community through the provision of business and income generated from the operation.
“With regard to environmental impacts, positive environmental impacts would be achieved through the re-use of the building. Whilst the proposed location is in the open countryside, which is not a sustainable location, the proposed operation of the business is low scale. It is considered that the number of trips would be of low frequency when compared to the potential number of trips that are generated from tourism.”
The application was conditionally approved.
Business
‘Fat cats’ preying on veterinary practices
PRIVATE equity firms have been accused of collaring the market in a corporate “feeding frenzy” that has seen local, independent vets gobbled up by global giants.
Carolyn Thomas told the Senedd that non-vet ownership has led to a “monopolisation” of the sector, with six big firms owning 60% of UK practices – up from 10% a decade ago.
Leading a debate on Wednesday December 10, the Labour politician warned the “endless pursuit of profit” was driving down wages for staff while pushing up fees for customers.
“The cost-of-living crisis has put significant financial burden on pet owners,” she said.
“Many have been priced out of pet insurance, with premiums based on postcode. If an area has a large corporate presence, premiums are higher, but without insurance, sudden, huge vet bills can be impossible to pay…
“I read about pet owners skipping meals to cover costs, having to hand over their pets to rescue, or – in some cases – very sadly being forced to euthanise their pet.”
The short debate was prompted by a petition submitted by Linda Evelyn Joyce-Jones raising concerns about the corporate takeover of veterinary practices.
In 1999, the Blair UK Government changed the law to allow vet practices to be owned not only by qualified veterinary surgeons.
Ms Thomas raised an ongoing Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) investigation into the veterinary market for household pets which has uncovered major competition concerns.
She told Senedd Members: “One of the companies being looked into is IVC Evidensia, the largest provider of vet services in the UK, owning over 1,000 practices. It is owned in part by Nestlé, which also manufactures pet food.
“How can owners be confident of the quality of the food or the nutrition advice from their vet when the two have such a conflict of interest?”
Ms Thomas, who chairs the Senedd’s petitions committee, said bills for pet owners have increased by 60% – “double the rate of inflation and increases in vet salaries”.
She pointed to growing pressure on rescue centres, with the RSPCA reporting a 25% rise in the number of pets abandoned in Wales and England this year.
She said: “Pets are a much-loved part of the family and it can be incredibly worrying for owners and have a significant mental health impact when their animal becomes unwell.
“It’s even more stressful and expensive when this happens outside of normal practice hours, and many of the large companies… do not cover out-of-hours emergency care.”
Ms Thomas told the Senedd the corporate takeover is having a “severe negative impact” on those working in the sector, “which is plagued by support staff experiencing poverty pay”.
She warned vets feel pressured to upsell to pet owners or book emergency appointments for non-urgent symptoms due to strict deadlines and targets.
“The situation is clearly unsustainable,” she said.
“It’s costing the lives of pets, it’s traumatising and unaffordable for pet owners and has created an unacceptable work environment for vets and support staff.
“France has taken legal steps against the corporate ownership of clinics, and Ireland is considering the same. I believe that the UK needs to take action now, before it’s too late.”
The north Walian warned of a “dire” situation on Anglesey where there are no out-of-hours vet services, “a constant source of concern for local pet owners”.

Andrew RT Davies, the former Tory group leader, described the situation on Ynys Môn as an “unmitigated disaster” for islanders who view their pets as part of their family.
Responding to the debate, Huw Irranca-Davies, Wales’ Deputy First Minister, acknowledged the growing trend of corporate consolidation had raised critical questions.
Mr Irranca-Davies, who is responsible for animal welfare policy, said the Welsh Government was awaiting the final outcome of the CMA’s investigation expected in March 2026.
He pointed out that regulation of veterinary surgeons remains non-devolved as he welcomed the UK Government’s intention to consult on “timely” reform of the Veterinary Surgeons Act.
The MP-turned-Senedd Member, who was a Defra minister under Gordon Brown, said: “My priority is to ensure that Wales has exemplary standards of animal health and welfare, and a thriving veterinary sector is essential to achieving those goals.”

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