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Farming

Satellite data for efficient water resource management in agriculture

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Making the most of water in farming is key to keeping food supply sustainable and protecting the environment. By using water wisely and precisely instead of overapplying it, farmland owners can stop soil from wearing away and grow more crops, helping to meet the rising need for food around the world.

This is where remote agriculture monitoring solutions are needed. Satellites provide farmers with real-time insights into soil moisture levels, crop health monitoring, and weather conditions, enabling precise irrigation strategies. Such a far-from-traditional approach not only conserves water but also boosts agricultural productivity. Farm monitoring software can continuously monitor soil moisture levels and make farming more efficient and resilient, securing future food supplies while minimizing water waste.

By leveraging satellite technology for remote soil moisture monitoring, farming can become more efficient and resilient, securing future food supplies while minimizing water waste.

Why it’s important

In agriculture, soil moisture analytics of the field helps to manage water efficiently for sustainable farming. Therefore, crops get the right level of water. Good management increases crop production by allowing the correct level of water to be applied on the crops and stopping the stresses on the plants due to low or high water levels, making them stressed or washing out some nutrients useful for growth. By tapping into advanced satellite soil moisture analytics, farmers are empowered to make data-driven decisions leading to healthier plants and productive harvests.

Beyond returns, efficient water use continues to be sustainable considering that it makes sure the availability of water resources is conserved and also that the soil remains fertile and productive for future planting seasons. Proper water management also takes care of environmental conservation: it ensures that ecosystems are not destroyed and that biodiversity is maintained, mitigating the effects of climate change. For example, lesser instances of water wastage and runoff protect local rivers and lakes from the destruction of habitat for wildlife.

In essence, efficient water resource management, underpinned by smart soil moisture analytics, is about more than just growing crops — it’s about nurturing a sustainable future. By optimizing water use, we ensure abundant harvests, safeguard our environment, and build resilient agricultural systems for the years to come.

How satellite data enhances water resource management

Irrigated agriculture today accounts for a staggering 70% of all freshwater withdrawals globally. However, not all of this water nourishes crops. In traditional systems, over 50% often returns to rivers or groundwater, unused by plants. This return flow, while reusable downstream, highlights inefficiencies in water use.

Monitoring water productivity in agriculture — how much crop is produced per unit of water — is essential for improving these efficiencies. Advancements in earth observation technology, particularly monitoring soil moisture using remote sensing, now make it possible to track critical data for sustainable agricultural practices and natural resource management.

Evapotranspiration, which encompasses both soil evaporation and plant transpiration, can be measured via satellites. Similarly, plant growth and health are accessible through this technology. By increasing crop biomass or reducing water usage, we can enhance water productivity. This progress is vital for ensuring sustainable water use in agriculture and securing food supplies for an ever-growing population.

Example of successful implementation

The application of remote sensing in soil moisture management has already proven its effectiveness through different cases. Let’s discuss some of them.

Australia’s Murray-Darling Basin

In Australia, the Murray-Darling Basin is a critical agricultural region where water scarcity is a persistent challenge. By utilizing satellite data to monitor soil moisture and evapotranspiration, farmers have been able to optimize irrigation schedules. This has resulted in a 20% increase in water use efficiency, reducing overall water consumption while maintaining crop yields. The benefits include enhanced water conservation and improved crop productivity, ensuring the region’s agricultural sustainability.

California’s Central Valley

In California’s Central Valley, satellite data has been used to monitor crop health and soil moisture. This information allows farmers to implement precision irrigation, targeting only the areas that need water. As a result, water usage has decreased by 30%, and crop yields have increased by 15%. The implementation of these technologies has led to significant water savings and improved agricultural output, demonstrating the power of satellite data in modern farming practices.

Primo Principio and EOSDA Crop Monitoring

Primo Principio, an Italy-based company, has made strides in improving vineyard management using the EOSDA Crop Monitoring platform. Grapes, a particularly demanding crop, require meticulous irrigation and disease prevention efforts. In Italy, where weather patterns are unpredictable, Primo Principio’s model has helped farmers receive timely alerts about water and disease stress in their fields, aiding in irrigation and crop treatment decisions.

However, the need for a more precise approach led Primo Principio to adopt EOSDA Crop Monitoring. This platform provides detailed soil moisture maps and other critical data, enabling early detection of plant stress and more accurate irrigation and treatment processes.

With EOSDA Crop Monitoring, Primo Principio has enhanced its model to deliver geo-specific information, pinpointing areas within fields experiencing issues such as pests or extreme weather. This precision is crucial for effective irrigation and disease prevention. The integration of Variable Rate Application (VRA) maps, which include vegetation indices like NDVI and NDMI, has further refined their approach, allowing for precise liquid spraying and treatment applications.

Since May 2023, Primo Principio has been using EOSDA Crop Monitoring, receiving positive feedback from their clients. Approximately 30 clients, managing fields ranging from 0.17 to 104 hectares, now benefit from the platform. Weekly or bi-weekly reports featuring multi-layered maps provide detailed insights into vegetation and moisture levels, helping farmers make informed decisions. This innovative approach has empowered farmers to apply treatments and irrigation more precisely, enhancing water productivity and sustainability in Italian vineyards.

Challenges and solutions

It is with satellite-based remote sensing that the efforts towards the study of peatlands have been revolutionized, providing a huge extent of detailed views over such complex ecosystems. Due to the wide coverage characteristic of satellite-based remote sensing, together with cost-effectiveness and seasonal and spatial variation capture, it is unrivaled for peatland mapping, vegetation monitoring, and estimation of carbon stocks.

However, challenges remain regarding the enhancement of in situ calibration and validation, local factor integration, and detailed in situ data. This demands that the right vegetation indices, spectral bands, and processing techniques are utilized to ensure effective crop monitoring.

There are, however, lingering problems in classifying accuracies, penetration into vegetation, and quantification below ground. Improvement in technology is required to integrate data from multiple sensors, with better algorithms, and validation on the ground with site-specific makes consideration.

In this regard, the upcoming hyperspectral satellite missions like EnMAP, PRISMA, and CHIME hold great promise for peatland monitoring. These datasets can enable species-level analysis, but precise measurement of key plant spectral properties is essential to unlock their full potential. 

Farming

Special farming role for senior Pembrokeshire councillor

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AN OFFICIAL special farming role for Pembrokeshire’s deputy leader is to be established following a call made to full council, the first time the council has had such a role for a senior member.

In a question to council leader Cllr Jon Harvey, heard at the December meeting of Pembrokeshire County Council’s full council meeting, Conservative group leader Cllr Di Clements asked: “With the recent changes in the budget from the UK Labour Government on Inheritance Tax and Agricultural Property Relief, many Pembrokeshire farmers are feeling concerned for the future of their family farms, many in Pembrokeshire which have been in the same family for generations.

“I have always found it disappointing that in all the years I have been a councillor, and the major contribution farming has to this county’s economic, cultural and environmental well-being, there has never been a Cabinet Member’s title with rural affairs or farming, or agriculture within it.

“To show that this council recognises the importance of agriculture, and the hundreds of millions of pounds generated by farming, will the Leader consider including it in one of the titles of his Cabinet Members’ portfolio?”

Responding, Cllr Harvey said: “I full share your perspective; it’s true this council has never had a Cabinet member with this role; however I can reconsider, I regard all aspects of rural life as vitally important.”

He told members farming and rural affairs came under the portfolio of the deputy leader [Cllr Paul Miller], adding: “we’re all aware of the changing aspects of rural life at the moment, we do have a rural affairs champion in Cllr Steve Alderman, but I’ve had a conversation with the deputy leader and agreed to review this title to reflect the importance of the role and will happily make an announcement in the next few days.”

Cllr Clements responded: “These words say a lot, it shows this council recognises the importance of the most constant and probably most important business in the county.”

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Farming

Call for Pembrokeshire to oppose farming inheritance tax withdrawn

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A CALL on Pembrokeshire County Council to oppose government changes to inheritance tax affecting family farms has been withdrawn, but its proposer hopes his motion will return to a future meeting.

At the Budget, Chancellor Rachel Reeves announced farmers would have to pay inheritance tax on agricultural property and land worth more than £1 million at a rate of 20 per cent, with a £3m threshold for couples passing on their farms.

This compares to a 40 per cent rate on other estates.

A Notice of Motion by Councillor Aled Thomas, ‘relating to Protecting British Family Farms and Preserving Rural Communities’ was to be heard at the December 12 meeting of Pembrokeshire County Council’s full council meeting.

Cllr Thomas, who stood as a Conservative candidate for Ceredigion-Preseli in the 2024 general election, asked that: “Pembrokeshire County Council notes its concern to the proposed changes to inheritance tax announced by the Labour Government in the recent Autumn budget, which would scrap Agricultural Property Relief (APR).

“APR has been instrumental in allowing British family farms to remain intact across generations, supporting food security, sustaining rural communities, and aiding environmental stewardship. This tax is estimated to impact over 70,000 family farms, leaving the average farming family with a tax bill of at least £240,000, which will force many to sell portions of their land or close entirely, paving the way for corporate ownership over family ownership.”

It called on the council to resolve to “oppose the Labour Government’s changes to inheritance tax affecting family farms,” to “advocate for the exemption of family farms to preserve the UK’s food security, rural communities, environmental initiatives,” and to “commit to maintaining its county council farms portfolio, particularly to encourage younger and new generations of farmers into the industry”.

It finished: “This council urges all councillors to stand with Britain’s family farms, to support our rural communities, and to protect the environment by formally rejecting this proposed ‘family farm tax’.”

At the December 12 meeting Presiding Member Cllr Simon Hancock informed members the notice had been withdrawn from the meeting.

Speaking after the announcement, Cllr Thomas, himself a farmer, said: “There was a dispute whether I should have been allowed to submit it as I am a farmer, so I took advice from the monitoring officer that I should withdraw it until I can get a dispensation from the standards committee to speak on the matter.”

He said he hoped to get the motion resubmitted to be heard at the next council meeting.

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Farming

Welsh Lamb shines at the Winter Fair Taste Awards

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THE ROYAL WELSH WINTER FAIR TASTE AWARDS, showcasing the finest native lamb breeds of Wales in a celebration of sustainability, flavour and culinary excellence, were hosted by the Royal Welsh Agricultural Society (RWAS).

The awards, held in collaboration with Cambrian Training Company, the Culinary Association of Wales and the National Culinary Team Wales, spotlighted the exceptional quality of Welsh Lamb and its unique characteristics.

The competition aimed to promote native Welsh Lamb breeds and emphasise their distinct flavours, encouraging chefs, businesses and consumers to consider Welsh Lamb a premium product.

The RWAS says the competition provides a vital platform to showcase the exceptional flavours of native Welsh Lamb breeds while promoting sustainable farming practices.

These lambs are grass-fed, raised in Wales and come with full traceability from farm to fork. The initiative aims to highlight the story behind the meat and the dedicated efforts of farmers in preserving these breeds.

Societies representing seven native Welsh Lamb breeds participated in the competition, held at the Cambrian Training Company building on the Royal Welsh Showground at Llanelwedd.

Each breed’s lamb was expertly cooked by chefs and presented to a distinguished panel of judges, including Dilwyn Evans, a vet featured on TV series ‘Clarkson’s Farm’,        Steven Owen, Castell Howell development chef, Neil Fenn, Professor Rhian Goodfellow, OBE and  Arwyn Watkins, OBE, executive chair of Cambrian Training Group.

The breeds showcased included Badger Face Welsh Mountain (Torddu and Torwen), Balwen Welsh Mountain, Black Welsh Mountain, Clun Forest, South Wales Mountain, Llanwenog and Pedigree Welsh Mountain.

Each lamb had been bred, born and reared in Wales, ensuring sustainable and traceable farming practices.

The awards highlighted the diversity among native Welsh Lamb breeds, from the Torddu and Torwen’s hardy nature to the Llanwenog’s docile temperament and premium meat quality.

Farmers and breed societies demonstrated the unique traits of their lambs, such as flavour, sustainability and adaptability to diverse farming environments.

Arthur Davies (South Wales Mountain) and I. T. Davies & Son (Clun Forest) were declared joint winners of the Royal Welsh Winter Fair Taste Awards. Both breeds impressed the judges with their remarkable flavour, tenderness and quality, showcasing the very best of Welsh Lamb.

The event emphasised the importance of promoting the culinary excellence of Welsh Lamb alongside its visual appeal in show rings.

Guest judge, Dilwyn Evans said: “It has been an absolute honour to judge the Royal Welsh Winter Fair Taste Awards and experience first-hand the superior taste of native Welsh Lamb.

“This exceptional meat not only embodies the rich heritage and dedication of Welsh farming but also highlights the importance of preserving these unique breeds and the sustainable practices behind them.”

The RWAS thanked the judges and Cambrian Training Group for their continued support, helping ensure the lambs were cooked to perfection for the competition.

With the awards, Wales has cemented its position as a leader in premium lamb production, bringing the exceptional flavours of its native breeds to the forefront of the culinary world.

Royal Welsh Winter Fair Taste Awards judges (from left) Steven Owen, Dilwyn Evans, Professor Rhian Goodfellow, OBE, Neil Fenn and Alwyn Watkins, OBE.

Pictured top of page: Taste Test joint winners, Arthur Davies (South Wales Mountain) and I.T . Davies (Clun Forest) with the judges.

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