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Education

Welsh Conservatives seek answers over Estyn’s role in Wales’ reading crisis

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THE GROWING crisis over children’s reading standards in Wales has deepened following revelations suggesting confusion and potential bias at the heart of the education inspection system.

Following an ITV News investigation, the Welsh Conservatives have called for urgent action to ensure that reading in Welsh schools is taught using evidence-based methods — rather than outdated or discredited theories.

Estyn under scrutiny

Estyn, the body responsible for inspecting schools in Wales, is facing criticism after ITV News uncovered evidence that inspectors continue to reference and even praise so-called “cueing” methods — where children are encouraged to guess words using pictures or context.

International research over several decades, including the UK Government’s 2006 Rose Review and findings from the US National Reading Panel, has shown that systematic synthetic phonics (SSP) is the most reliable and effective approach to teaching children to read.

Despite this, Estyn officials have appeared to defend cueing as part of a “balanced” model. When asked to provide evidence for the effectiveness of such methods, the inspectorate reportedly cited studies that did not support the approach.

In response, Estyn said it does not endorse any single reading method and that its inspections recognise a range of effective strategies. However, critics argue that the tone and examples used in Estyn reports amount to an implicit endorsement of cueing alongside phonics.

Expert resignations and controversy

Concerns have intensified following the resignation of literacy expert Elizabeth Nonweiler from the Welsh Government’s Expert Literacy Panel. Nonweiler, chair of the Reading Reform Foundation and a leading advocate for phonics, accused the government of embedding “mixed messages” in its new £8.2 million CAL:ON Cymru literacy programme.

It has also emerged that Estyn invited Professor Dominic Wyse — a well-known critic of phonics-focused teaching — to brief inspectors, while initially declining a request for Nonweiler to do the same.

The Welsh Government insists it “supports the systematic teaching of phonics” and that its literacy strategy includes direct support for phonics-based approaches. However, the row has exposed deep divisions over how literacy should be taught and evaluated.

A worsening reading crisis

The political row comes amid mounting evidence that thousands of pupils in Wales are leaving primary school unable to read at the expected standard. ITV News previously reported that up to 30 per cent of children finish primary education without secure reading skills, with Estyn inspection reports continuing to praise cueing-style methods in some cases.

International assessments paint a bleak picture. In the 2022 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) tests, 15-year-olds in Wales scored an average of 466 in reading — below the OECD average and significantly behind England’s score of 496.

Conservative response

Welsh Conservative Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Education, Natasha Asghar MS, said:

“These revelations are deeply concerning. It appears that the body responsible for upholding educational standards in Wales may be promoting flawed and damaging teaching methods.

“The evidence is crystal clear — systematic phonics works. The Welsh Conservatives are the only party committed to banning cueing and following the science by introducing phonics as part of our credible plan to improve education and deliver a better future for Wales.”

Government and Estyn respond

The Welsh Government said that phonics remains a supported part of the curriculum but emphasised that teachers must retain professional judgement in addressing the diverse needs of learners.

Estyn has since apologised for an internal email referring to Nonweiler as “evangelical about a single approach”, describing the comment as “an error”. It has pledged an “enhanced focus on reading” within its inspection framework for the next three years.

A matter of evidence and equity

Supporters of phonics say the research is overwhelming and that consistency is key. They argue that England’s shift to mandatory phonics testing and instruction led to measurable improvements in reading outcomes.

Others, however, defend a more “balanced” approach, emphasising comprehension and meaning-making as essential components of literacy. They warn that rigid adherence to phonics alone risks neglecting broader language development.

The road ahead

With Estyn due to increase its focus on reading, and the Expert Literacy Panel’s report still unpublished, pressure is growing on both the Welsh Government and the inspectorate to provide clarity.

For teachers, parents and pupils, the unanswered questions remain: What guidance will schools receive? How quickly will it change? And how will inspectors judge literacy teaching going forward?

As the debate continues, one fact is beyond dispute — reading is the foundation of all learning. For Wales, ensuring every child can read confidently and fluently is not just a matter of education policy, but of fairness and social justice.

 

Education

Attendance concerns at Milford School reflect wider issue raised at the Senedd

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ATTENDANCE was formally identified as one of the key weaknesses at Milford Haven School after inspectors placed the school into special measures — an issue that has also been raised at the Senedd as part of growing concern about school attendance across Wales.

In its November 2025 inspection report, Estyn made six recommendations for improvement at Milford Haven School, including a specific call to improve attendance, listed as Recommendation R5. Inspectors concluded that special measures were required and said progress would be monitored regularly.

The focus on attendance locally mirrors a broader national debate, after figures discussed in the Senedd showed that attendance levels across Wales remain significantly below pre-pandemic levels, particularly among vulnerable pupils.

During Spokesperson’s Questions to the Welsh Government’s Cabinet Secretary for Education, the Welsh Conservatives highlighted that more than half of the most vulnerable pupils in Wales were persistently absent during 2024/25, compared with 30.4 per cent in 2018/19. Persistent absence is defined as missing at least ten per cent of school sessions in a year.

The figures also showed that Year 11 pupils recorded the lowest attendance, averaging 86.8 per cent in 2024/25 — 6.4 percentage points lower than before the pandemic.

Political reaction

Following the exchange, Natasha Asghar MS, the Welsh Conservatives’ shadow cabinet secretary for education, said the Welsh Government was failing to meet its own targets on attendance.

She said the government had promised to restore attendance to pre-pandemic levels by the end of the current Senedd term, but warned that with only a few months remaining, that commitment looked unlikely to be met.

She said vulnerable pupils were being disproportionately affected, adding that behind the figures were children missing out on learning, with potential long-term consequences for their education and future prospects.

The Welsh Conservatives also criticised the recent Labour–Plaid Cymru budget agreement, arguing that it would not deliver the changes needed to improve attendance or educational outcomes.

Local and national pressure

Estyn’s recommendation to improve attendance at Milford Haven School comes alongside other concerns highlighted in the inspection, including teaching quality, leadership and management, facilities, and financial oversight.

The inspection found that attendance at the school was below that of similar schools and well below pre-pandemic levels — a pattern reflected across much of Wales, according to national data.

Education professionals and children’s organisations have repeatedly warned that attendance challenges are closely linked to wider issues, including mental health, additional learning needs, family pressures and disengagement following the pandemic.

What happens next

Under the special measures process, Milford Haven School is required to produce a detailed action plan setting out how it will address Estyn’s recommendations, including attendance. Inspectors are expected to return every four to six months to monitor progress.

Pembrokeshire County Council has previously said it is working closely with the school and Estyn to support improvements, while the Welsh Government has said it continues to work with local authorities to improve attendance and re-engage pupils.

As scrutiny of school standards intensifies both locally and nationally, attendance is likely to remain a central issue — for Milford Haven School and for education policy across Wales.

 

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Education

‘Vulnerable teen’ questioned by police at Milford Haven School

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Mother raises concerns over delay in being informed following cannabis incident

A MILFORD HAVEN parent has raised serious safeguarding concerns after her 13-year-old son—who has ADHD and autism—was questioned by police at Milford Haven School in connection with suspected cannabis, without her being informed for several hours.

The police confirmed this, saying “We were called to a report that a small amount of cannabis had been found.”

Jenn Reynolds said the incident occurred at around 12:00pm, but she was not contacted until 5:00pm, when deputy head Mr Thomas phoned her. She alleges another pupil brought suspected cannabis into school and handed it to her son, Rhys, who she says was “forced” into looking after it. Rhys was searched and questioned by attending officers, and did not disclose the matter to his mother beforehand.

“My kid is vulnerable—he would agree to anything,” Ms Reynolds said. “He has additional needs, and I should have been notified immediately so I could be present during any search or questioning.”

She added that her son now faces disciplinary action, including possible expulsion or placement in the school’s “REMOVE” provision, an internal withdrawal or isolation room. Ms Reynolds also referenced a prior Year 7 incident in which her son was assaulted and footage circulated on Snapchat; she claims she was initially told the perpetrator was expelled but later learned it was only temporary, and her expressions of concern at that time led to a temporary ban from the school premises.

The matter is now being discussed in local parent group chats, with some encouraging escalation.

Council and school response

Pembrokeshire County Council confirmed its education and safeguarding teams are involved and that “appropriate communication was held with key agencies.”

On the delay in parental notification, a spokesperson said: “The parent should be advised of any safeguarding concerns as soon as possible—this may mean a delay as the school looks into the concerns and liaises with agencies such as police.”

The council emphasised support for vulnerable learners, adding: “Support is provided to any young person with an appropriate adult present and the process explained to them in a way which they would understand.”

In a further clarification, the authority confirmed that an appropriate adult was present during police interaction with the pupil. The council said the school would continue to maintain support and communication with the family.

Recent Estyn inspection and special measures

The incident comes against the backdrop of Milford Haven School being placed into special measures, Estyn’s most serious category of follow-up, following a core inspection, with the report published on Wednesday last week (Jan 22). Both the school and Pembrokeshire County Council have accepted the findings in full and committed to rapid improvements.

Estyn identified a number of areas requiring urgent action, including weaknesses in teaching quality and consistency, low pupil attendance—below that of similar schools and well below pre-pandemic levels—with particular concerns around pupils eligible for free school meals, shortcomings in self-evaluation and improvement planning, a need to strengthen leadership challenge, inadequate toilet provision for pupils, and the requirement for more robust financial management.

Despite these concerns, inspectors also highlighted several strengths, describing the school as a “caring and inclusive community” where pupils feel safe. Estyn praised the school’s work to promote positive behaviour, its use of restorative approaches to tackle bullying, the range of curriculum and digital skills opportunities on offer, and its commitment to supporting disadvantaged learners.

Pembrokeshire County Council said it is working closely with Estyn and the school on a detailed post-inspection action plan. Regular updates, engagement events, and communication with parents, carers, and the wider community are expected as improvements are implemented. Estyn monitoring visits are anticipated every four to six months until sufficient progress allows the school to be removed from special measures. Further details of the approved action plan are expected to be published on the Milford Haven School website.

The incident has prompted renewed local discussion about how schools—particularly those under heightened scrutiny—handle safeguarding, drug-related incidents, vulnerability among neurodivergent pupils, and timely parental involvement.

The Herald will continue to follow developments, including progress on the school’s improvement plan.

 

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Community

Pembrokeshire council to hear Stepaside school petition

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A PETITION plea to save a Pembrokeshire village school under threat of potential closure will be heard at full council.

At the December meeting of Pembrokeshire County Council, a call for a breathing space before any decision is made on Stepaside school, Kilgetty, part of a wide-ranging range of education changes mooted in the south of the county, was defeated.

At that meeting, a recommendation before members asked that the Director of Education be authorised to undertake a public consultation on establishing a new 3-19 school, on a split site initially, but as part of a future investment to rebuild/extend Tenby’s Ysgol Greenhill site, or potentially on a new site was backed.

As part of that it also recommended Tenby Church in Wales Voluntary Controlled School and Ysgol Greenhill are discontinued.

A second part of the series of recommendations was a call to establish a new 3-11 primary school on the Saundersfoot School site, discontinuing Saundersfoot School and Stepaside school.

A report for members said there were many surplus places for all the schools in the proposals, with Stepaside having a surplus capacity of over 50 per cent.

The Tenby area proposals were backed, with amendments, but a call for a deferral on the second part concerning Stepaside was made by local member Cllr Alistair Cameron.

Cllr Cameron’s amendment call for a deferral was defeated by 37 votes to 12, the original proposal was later passed by 42 votes to seven, with the intention public consultations would be held next year.

Since then, an e-petition on the council’s own website, started by Angela Robinson, calls upon Pembrokeshire County Council “to Save Stepaside School and work with local communities to look at alternative solutions”.

“Stepaside School in Kilgetty is the heart of our community. It represents a high-performing local education asset that delivers significant public value. Any proposal to close it must be assessed not only in terms of short-term financial pressures, but against wider statutory duties, long-term social impact, and the strategic use of public funds that invests in our children best interest.”

The lengthy petition adds: “The rationale for closure appears primarily financial, yet any credible public spending decision must be based on a holistic assessment of costs, benefits, risks, and outcomes. This includes impacts on carers, children with additional learning needs, families from global majority backgrounds, and those reliant on local support networks.”

The e-Petition, which has attracted 582 signatures to date, runs to February 17.

If a petition gets 500 signatures or more, the creator will have an opportunity to debate it at a future full council meeting.

At the December meeting petition pleas to save Manorbier School and Ysgol Clydau, also at threat of potential closure, were heard; members noting those petitions.

 

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