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Cardiff politicians in Kyiv, remembering the Welsh founded Donetsk – for talks

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THE CITY founded by the Welsh as Hughesovka, known now as Donetsk, is at the centre of the conflict between the Ukraine and Russia, and the conflict which started in 2014 now looks likely to escalate into a larger war.

In 1869, one hundred people from South Wales, led by John Hughes from Merthyr Tydfil founded a city now home to a million people. This is part of the reason that a delegation arrived in Ukraine today (Feb 19), led by two members of the Welsh Senedd: Mick Antoniw MS and Adam Price MS, leader of Plaid Cymru.

The aim of the delegation, which includes prominent UK trade union leaders, academics and journalists, is to do what no politicians visiting the country have so far done: to express direct, cross-border solidarity from the UK working class to the Ukrainian working class.

Pro-Russian militants on the roof of the international airport Donetsk in 2014. (Photo: Alexander Khudoteply)

With the threat of war rising, there is a concerted campaign of disinformation against Ukraine in the West, some of it aimed at influencing the progressive movements who have traditionally, and correctly, opposed Western military adventures in the Middle East.

To separate truth from propaganda, the delegation will hear evidence from workers from the Donbas in the East of Ukraine, independent trade unions and progressive civil society groups in Kyiv, as well as MPs, academics and territorial defence units training to resist aggression.

The delegation also includes ASLEF general secretary Mick Whelan, NUM general secretary Chris Kitchen, former Labour MEP Julie Ward, journalist Paul Mason, and Greenwich University economist Yuliya Yurchenko.

Mr Antoniw said: “In too many of the discussions about the situation in Ukraine it is the people themselves who are being bypassed. We want to listen to what the Ukrainian people say and to show our solidarity with them. We stand by them and their right to determine their own future and to defend their country from Russian aggression and imperialism.”

Adam Price said: “The more the Ukrainian people are threatened by Russian aggression and imperialism the more urgent it becomes for socialists, democrats and internationalists to stand shoulder to shoulder in solidarity with them – in defence of their right to national self determination and in defiance of Putin’s warmongering.
“They shall not pass ! вони не пройдуть !”

Chaotic scenes after an explosion in the city, 2015 (Photo :AP)

After President Yanukovych fled Ukraine to seek asylum in Russia, Russian-backed defenders took over the Oblast State Administration, the main government building, in the city. According to Russian reports, the police did not offer resistance.

On 7 April 2014, pro-Russian activists announced that they had seized control of Donetsk and declared the “Donetsk People’s Republic”

But what is the Welsh link, and why was the city founded. And why are Welsh politicians now heading to the Ukraine?

THE FOUNDING OF A CITY

In 1868, the Millwall Iron Works Company received an order from the Imperial Russian Government for the plating of a naval fortress being built at Kronstadt on the Baltic Sea

Hughes accepted a concession from the Imperial Russian Government to develop metal works in the region, and in 1869 acquired a piece of land to the north of the Azov Sea from Russian statesman Sergei Kochubey

He formed the ‘New Russia Company Ltd.’ to raise capital, and in the summer of 1870, at the age of 55, he moved to Russia. He sailed with eight ships, with not only all the equipment necessary to establish a metal works, but also much of the skilled labour; a group of about a hundred ironworkers and miners mostly from South Wales

He immediately started to build metal works close to the river Kalmius, at a site near the village of Alexandrovka. The state-of-the-art works had eight blast furnaces and was capable of a full production cycle, with the first pig iron cast in 1872. During the 1870s, collieries and iron ore mines were sunk, and brickworks and other facilities were established to make the isolated works a self-sufficient industrial complex. He further built a railway line-producing factory. All of Hughes’ facilities were held under the ‘Novorussian society for coal, iron and rails production.’

Donetsk (Hughesovka) ironworks in the Ukraine, pictured in 1888 (Image File)

The Hughes factory gave its name to the settlement which grew in its shadow, and the town of Hughesovka (Yuzovka) grew rapidly. Hughes personally provided a hospital, schools, bath houses, tea rooms, a fire brigade and an Anglican church dedicated to the patron saints St George and St David. The land around the metalworks quickly grew to become an industrial and cultural centre in the region; the population of the city founded by Hughes now exceeds one million. Hughes died on 17 June 1889.

By the end of the nineteenth century, the works was the largest in the Russian Empire, producing 74% of Russian iron in 1913. A period of relative decline in the early years of the twentieth century was followed by expansion during World War I. Many of the men who accompanied John Hughes settled in Hughesovka and brought their wives and families. Over the years, although a Russian workforce was trained by the company, skilled workers from the United Kingdom continued to be employed, and many technical, engineering and managerial positions were filled by British immigrants; who were overwhelmingly Welsh. A thriving expatriate community was established, living in good quality company housing, and provided with an English school and an Anglican church. Despite the cold winters, hot summers and occasional cholera epidemics, some families remained in Hughesovka for many years.

The Bolshevik revolution of 1917 ended the Hughes family’s connection to the works. The Hughes brothers and almost all their foreign employees returned to Britain. The works were nationalised by the Bolsheviks in 1919. The town of Hughesovka was renamed “Stalino” in 1924, and then the present name “Donetsk” in 1961. The works survived and prospered despite regime and socio-economic change, and Donetsk remains a major metallurgical industries centre today.

In March 2014, following the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, a humorous campaign advocated that Donetsk join the United Kingdom because of the city’s connection to Hughes. Shortly afterwards, the Ukrainian government lost control of Donetsk to militants of the self-declared Donetsk People’s Republic, who declared the city to be independent of Ukraine and advocated integration with Russia.

DID YOU KNOW

In 2014, an instrumental song on the Manic Street Preachers’ album Futurology paid homage to John Hughes, referring to Donetsk by its former name Hughesovka

Business

Better indoor mobile signal could boost Welsh economy

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Wales could benefit from £3bn growth annually if indoor mobile dead zones were eliminated, survey finds.

RESEARCH from Freshwave, a connectivity infrastructure provider, highlights how improving indoor mobile coverage could significantly enhance productivity across Wales. According to the 2025 Freshwave Mobile Connectivity ROI Index, poor indoor mobile signal currently costs Welsh organisations an estimated £4bn every year, with businesses, hospitals, and public buildings suffering from inefficiencies caused by mobile blackspots.

The index reveals that 82% of Welsh organisations experience daily connectivity issues, which have a direct impact on both employee productivity and customer satisfaction. Survey respondents believe that resolving these connectivity problems could lead to a substantial 2.1% increase in Wales’ GDP—surpassing the UK-wide average of 1.6%.

In light of these findings, the Welsh Government’s Digital Strategy for Wales aims to use technology to improve lives and enhance productivity across the nation. This is particularly timely, as Chancellor Rachel Reeves has made economic productivity a key priority amid discussions of avoiding further tax increases.

Impact on Welsh businesses and public sector

Organisations with more than 100 employees are reporting that indoor mobile connectivity problems cost them an average of £143m annually, which translates to a collective £4bn loss across the Welsh economy. Respondents believe that improving mobile coverage—whether through 4G or 5G—would address these productivity barriers and contribute to significant efficiency gains. Many also anticipate higher budgets for mobile connectivity improvements, with 68% planning to increase their investments over the next two years.

CEO comments on the need for action

Simon Frumkin, CEO of Freshwave, explained: “The Welsh economy simply cannot afford to lose billions every year. Investments in digital infrastructure over the past decade have set the stage for progress. Now, we need to ensure that seamless mobile connectivity is available where it’s needed most. This could result in a £3bn boost to Welsh organisations.”

Frumkin added, “By working alongside mobile network operators, we can unlock the full economic potential of 4G and 5G connectivity, driving innovation and efficiency across all sectors.”

National context: Public sector hit hardest

Across the UK, the public sector is the most affected by indoor mobile connectivity issues, with losses of £46bn annually and missed opportunities worth £33bn. The professional and financial services sector also faces significant losses, amounting to £24bn annually, with potential gains of £17bn.

Notes to Editors
Research methodology: A survey of 900 senior IT decision-makers from medium and large organisations across the UK was conducted in December 2024. Participants represented sectors including government, healthcare, professional services, and more, with all respondents from organisations with over 100 employees and revenues exceeding £50 million.

About Freshwave: Freshwave is a connectivity infrastructure provider that simplifies digital infrastructure. Backed by DigitalBridge, Freshwave collaborates with mobile operators, governments, and real estate providers to ensure reliable connectivity across the UK. Visit www.freshwavegroup.com for more information.

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Baby number two on the way for critically endangered rhino at Folly Farm

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PREGNANCY is always a reason to celebrate, but when it involves a critically endangered species like the Eastern black rhino, it’s truly something special. The team at Folly Farm in Pembrokeshire is excited to announce that Dakima, their beloved rhino, is expecting her second calf—and the news has everyone at the zoo thrilled.

In the wild, Eastern black rhinos are solitary creatures, each occupying their own space. At Folly Farm, however, the rhinos reside in the Kifaru Reserve, which allows the keepers to carefully manage their breeding programme. Dakima shares her enclosure with her mate Nkosi, and the pair have been given a series of planned ‘date nights’ to increase the chances of another breeding success.

So, how exactly do keepers confirm a rhino pregnancy? No, they don’t ask Dakima to take a pregnancy test! Instead, the team uses a more scientific approach. Stool samples are collected and sent to a specialist lab at Chester Zoo, where experts analyse her hormones. The results have shown a clear increase in Dakima’s hormone levels, and with her steady weight gain, the team is optimistic that a calf is on the way. They predict that Dakima is already several months into her 15-16 month pregnancy, with the calf expected to arrive around November.

Dakima, who is now 12 years old, gave birth to her first calf, Glyndwr, in January 2020, just before the pandemic began. Glyndwr has since moved to Flamingo Land, a fellow animal park, to continue the breeding programme for this critically endangered species. His move marked a significant milestone in the zoo’s efforts to support the survival of Eastern black rhinos.

When Dakima and Nkosi first arrived at Folly Farm in 2015, the Eastern black rhino population in the wild was dangerously low, with fewer than 650 individuals remaining. Thanks to the dedication of conservationists worldwide, the situation has improved dramatically. The population of wild rhinos has more than doubled, with nearly 1,400 rhinos now roaming freely, and about 85 Eastern black rhinos in European zoos.

“This is a really exciting time for us,” said Alan Keeling, zoo manager. “Although it’s still early, we’re hopeful we’ll be celebrating another breeding success. It’s the ultimate goal for any zookeeper to help raise awareness of the challenges these animals face and to play a part in increasing their numbers, both in captivity and eventually in the wild.”

Dakima’s excellent care of her first calf, Glyndwr, has set high hopes for this pregnancy. Glyndwr was named in honour of Folly Farm’s Founding Director, Glyn Williams, and the zoo team are confident that Dakima will prove to be just as wonderful a mother the second time around.

“Dakima has always been calm and steady, and she seems to be adjusting well to her pregnancy,” Alan added. “We’ll continue to monitor her closely, ensuring she gets all the care she needs, including plenty of comfortable bedding to help her stay relaxed as she moves through the final months of her pregnancy.”

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News

St Davids RNLI Lifeboat assists yacht in distress

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ST DAVIDS RNLI all-weather lifeboat, Norah Wortley, was deployed at 4:16pm on April 7 to assist a 38ft yacht suffering mechanical failure 30 nautical miles offshore.

The solo-crewed vessel, located northwest of the Smalls lighthouse traffic separation scheme, was unable to continue under its own power. Due to the vessel’s limited speed, the busy shipping lanes nearby, and the favourable sea conditions, Coxswain made the decision to tow the yacht to Milford Haven for necessary repairs.

Towing began just after 5:30pm, and the yacht was safely guided through the lock gates of Milford Marina at around midnight. While at the marina, the crew enjoyed takeaway food generously provided by RNLI volunteers before setting off on the one-hour passage back to St Justinians.

The lifeboat was rehoused at 1:15am, completing almost nine hours of service following the initial launch.

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