Health
Public health officials confirm second case of Monkeypox identified in Wales

A SECOND monkeypox case has been identified in Wales, public health officials have said today.
Yesterday the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) said 18 new cases have been identified in the UK, bringing the total to 225 cases in the UK as of 2 June.
Monkeypox – which is usually found in west and central Africa – has been on the increase during the past month with more than 200 confirmed cases recorded in Britain, Portugal, Spain and the United States.

Anyone can get monkeypox. Currently most cases have been in men who are gay, bisexual or have sex with men, so it’s particularly important to be aware of the symptoms if you’re in these groups
Dr Graham Brown, Consultant in Communicable Disease Control for Public Health Wales, said: “Public Health Wales is today (3 June) confirming that an additional case of monkeypox has been identified in Wales. This brings the total in Wales to two.”
“We are working with the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Public Health Scotland, and Public Health Agency Northern Ireland, and we are ready to respond to cases of monkeypox in Wales.
“The case is being managed appropriately. To protect patient confidentiality, no further details relating to the patient will be disclosed.
“We are reassuring people that monkeypox does not usually spread easily between people, and the overall risk to the general public is low. It is usually a mild self-limiting illness, and most people recover within a few weeks. However, severe illness can occur in some individuals.
“Initial symptoms of monkeypox include fever, headache, muscle aches, backache, swollen lymph nodes, chills and exhaustion.”
“A rash can develop, often beginning on the face, then spreading to other parts of the body, particularly the hands and feet.”
“The rash changes and goes through different stages before finally forming a scab, which later falls off.”
“Everyone is being asked to be aware of the monkeypox symptoms, but it is important that gay and bisexual men are alert as it’s believed to be spreading in sexual networks.”
“Anyone with unusual rashes or lesions on any part of their body should contact NHS 111 or call a sexual health service if they have concerns.”
Cases of monkeypox in the UK, including in Wales, are reported on the UKHSA website.
How is monkeypox spreading?
The first patient in the current outbreak had returned to the UK from travels to Nigeria where monkeypox is endemic.
However, cases are now spreading among people who have not travelled to west or central Africa, suggesting local transmission is occurring.
Monkeypox usually spreads by close contact and respiratory droplets.
What are the symptoms?
Early symptoms are flu-like, such as a fever, headaches, aching muscles and swollen lymph nodes.
Once the fever breaks, a rash can develop, often beginning on the face and then spreading to other parts of the body – most commonly the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

How deadly is monkeypox?
Monkeypox is mostly a mild, self-limiting disease lasting two-to-three weeks. However, in some cases, it can cause death. According to the WHO, the fatality rate “in recent times” has been around 3% to 6%. The west African monkeypox virus is considered to be milder than the central African one.
Monkeypox tends to cause more serious disease in people who are immunocompromised – such as those undergoing chemotherapy – and children. There have been no deaths from monkeypox in the current worldwide outbreak, but, according to the Daily Telegraph, one child in the UK is in intensive care with the disease.
Why is it called monkeypox?
Monkeypox was first identified in laboratory monkeys (macaques) in Denmark in 1958, hence the name. However, monkeys don’t seem to be the natural hosts of the virus. It is more commonly found in rats, mice and squirrels. The first case in humans was seen in the 1970s in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Is monkeypox related to smallpox and chickenpox?
Monkeypox is related to smallpox – they are both orthopoxviruses – but it is not related to chickenpox. Despite the name, chickenpox is a herpes virus, not a poxvirus. (How “chicken” got in the name is not entirely clear. In his dictionary of 1755, Samuel Johnson surmised that it is so named because it is “of no very great danger”.) Nevertheless, the vesicles (little pus-filled blisters) caused by monkeypox are similar in appearance to those of chickenpox.
Are cases likely to continue rising?
Cases are likely to continue to rise significantly over the next two-to-three weeks, but this is not another pandemic in the making. Monkeypox doesn’t spread anywhere near as easily as the airborne virus SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19.
Has monkeypox evolved to be more virulent?
RNA viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, don’t have the ability to check their genetic code for mistakes each time they replicate, so they tend to evolve faster. Monkeypox is a DNA virus, which does have the ability to check itself for genetic mistakes each time it replicates, so it tends to mutate a lot slower.
The first genome sequence of the current outbreak (from a patient in Portugal) suggests that the virus is very similar to the monkeypox strain that was circulating in 2018 and 2019 in the UK, Singapore and Israel. So it is unlikely that the current outbreak is the result of a mutated virus that is better at spreading.
How is monkeypox diagnosed?
In the UK, swab samples taken from the patient are sent to a specialist laboratory that handles rare pathogens, where a PCR test is run to confirm monkeypox. The UK Health Security Agency has only one rare and imported pathogens laboratory.
Is there a vaccine for it?
Vaccines for smallpox, which contain the lab-made vaccinia virus, can protect against monkeypox. However, the vaccine that was used to eradicate smallpox can have severe side-effects, killing around one in a million people vaccinated.
The only vaccine specifically approved for monkeypox, Imvanex, is made by a company called Bavarian Nordic. It uses a nonreplicating form of vaccinia, which causes fewer side-effects. It was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency in 2019 – but only for use in people 18 years of age or older.
UK health secretary Sajid Javid said that the UK government will be stocking up on vaccines that are effective against monkeypox. The UK currently has about 5,000 doses of smallpox vaccine, which has an efficacy of around 85% against monkeypox.
Are there drugs to treat it?
There are no specific drugs to treat monkeypox. However, antivirals such as cidofovir and brincidofovir have been proven to be effective against poxviruses in animals and may also be effective against monkeypox infections in humans.
[Image and Q&A republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.]
Health
Mind, Body and Spirit Awareness Day at North Pembrokeshire venue

This Saturday, April 12, thoughts will be turning to the mind, body and spirit, thanks to the ever-popular Awareness Day that takes place at Canolfan Hermon in North Pembrokeshire.
This is the fourth event of its kind at the village hall and each year the event continues to grow from strength to strength.
This year, there will be a total of eight therapists in attendance as well as two mediums, a card reader and ten stall holders selling spiritual, mind and body items including crystals, jewellery, honey and cosmetics. There will also be a stall from the Jig-So Children’s Centre in Cardigan while hot food and refreshments will also be served throughout the day by Fusion Kitchen.
As with previous events, the Mind, Body and Spirit Awareness Day will be raising funds for Breast Cancer and Thrombosis UK. As a result, there will be a £1 entry fee as well as optional raffle tickets and a Memory Tree for additional donations. A light language healing demonstration will take place at 1 pm.
People near and far are invited to experience the different therapies, while event organiser Lynda Barnes says there is guaranteed to be something here for everyone. The event starts at 11 am and will continue until 3 pm.
For further information, contact Lynda Barnes on 07920249194.
Health
‘Nobody taking responsibility’ for paying care workers the real living wage

CARE HOME providers urged the Welsh Government to follow through on a key commitment to ensure care workers are paid the real living wage.
Giving evidence in the Senedd, Care Forum Wales, which represents more than 450 care homes, warned funding did not reach all parts of the sector in 2024/25.
The non-profit organisation said funding for the real living wage (RLW) was not ringfenced, so some councils chose to spend the money on libraries and teachers’ salaries instead.
Care Forum Wales raised concerns about “nobody taking responsibility”, with the Welsh Government claiming to have provided the money and councils saying it was insufficient.
Labour’s manifesto for the 2021 election contained a pledge to “ensure care workers are paid the real living wage during the next Senedd term”.
But Sanjiv Joshi, Care Forum Wales’ treasurer, warned the Welsh Government’s push for care workers to receive the real living wage has become an aspiration rather than a reality.
He told the local government committee: “The first year when it was announced … providers had to give an undertaking to commissioners that we were paying the real living wage.
“Since then, that’s now become aspirational as commissioners have not had the funds – or so we are told – to follow through and maintain those real living wages.”
Giving evidence on April 3, Melanie Minty, policy adviser at Care Forum Wales, said: “The real living wage, as Sanjiv said, isn’t reaching the sector necessarily.”
But, describing the RLW as a drop in the ocean, she warned care homes cannot compete with councils and the NHS which pay a higher rate than used in costing commissioned care.
Under the Welsh Government’s 2025/26 budget, funding for the real living wage is allocated to councils within the revenue support grant, meaning it can be spent on other areas.
Ms Minty also voiced concerns about an increasing number of councils receiving grants to build care homes that “will never recover their costs”.
She pointed to the example of Carmarthenshire Council building a £19.5m residential home despite free capacity in the county’s independent sector.
Cautioning that commissioning too often focuses on cost over outcomes, she said: “I’ve heard of commissioners going into homes and saying ‘you’re spending too much on food’.
“Things like holidays have been drastically cut back for younger people.”
Mr Joshi, who runs the Caron group of care homes in mid and south Wales – which includes Valley View Care Home in Hengoed – warned of a £9,000-a-year difference in nursing fees between neighbouring councils.
He said: “We’re talking about Cardiff and RCT … imagine the pressure that puts on and it’s not driven by the needs, the needs would not be that different.”
Pressed about the minimum level of profits required to make services feasible, Mr Joshi replied that he targets an 11% return which is unachievable in parts of Wales.
Warning of an “irrational” policy direction, he said: “We have the private sector delivering incredible value for money [yet] being eroded by underfunding. Then we have the public sector spending four or five times that amount, it doesn’t make sense.”
Mr Joshi told the committee families are increasingly having to make up a difference in costs that should be provided by councils and health boards.
Warning charity providers are exiting the market, Ms Minty said: “Most of our third-sector members have sold their care homes because they are not viable.”
Ms Minty called for a fee methodology that can be applied consistently across Wales, with some councils far more transparent and understanding of the costs than others.
“Cardiff, while giving a really good increase this year, has been very honest in admitting they know it’s not going to meet all the changes,” she said. “Whereas other local authorities … have been known to make an offer and say this will cover all sorts of things.”
She said the sector has stabilised since the pandemic and Brexit but increasing employer national insurance contributions have added to the pressure.
She told the committee: “I think we’ll see an unintended consequence will be that employers are forced to suppress pay increases … and some will be forced to make redundancies.”
Health
New patient deal aims to cut NHS waiting times across Wales

A NEW deal between the NHS and the public is at the centre of a plan to drive down the longest waiting times for healthcare in Wales.
Health Secretary Jeremy Miles is expected to unveil a strategy this week aimed at reducing the overall waiting list by 200,000 patients by March 2026. The plan also sets targets to eliminate two-year waits for planned treatments and restore a maximum eight-week wait for diagnostic tests.
A key part of the announcement is the introduction of a new “patient deal”, which aims to improve transparency, reduce missed appointments and ensure better preparation for surgery. This deal will be incorporated into updated referral-to-treatment guidelines due later this month.
What the new deal includes:
- Faster access to planned care with patients told how long they can expect to wait once added to the list.
- Waiting time tracking through the NHS Wales App, with updates available from June.
- Only fit and well patients will be added to surgical waiting lists, in line with evidence showing they recover more quickly and have better outcomes.
- Support to get surgery-ready, with help to improve health before treatment.
- Appointment changes, where patients will be offered two dates. If they miss both without good reason, they will be removed from the waiting list.
- Alternatives and risks explained, so patients are fully informed before deciding on surgery.
Each year, around 700,000 outpatient appointments in Wales are either missed by patients or cancelled. Health boards will now be under stricter obligations to reduce these disruptions, and to minimise the number of cancellations made by the NHS itself.
Mr Miles said: “The NHS will do all it can to prioritise faster access to treatment. In return, we are asking the public to prioritise and keep their appointments so that, together, we make the best possible use of scarce NHS resources.
“We cannot continue losing one in seven appointments due to no-shows or other avoidable reasons. These missed slots delay care for everyone and waste vital resources.
“Evidence shows people in better health recover more quickly and require shorter hospital stays. By preparing patients properly and ensuring they understand all treatment options, we can deliver better outcomes and greater efficiency.”
The Welsh Government hopes the new plan will bring waiting lists closer to pre-pandemic levels. As well as reducing overall waiting list size by 200,000 by March 2026, the government has pledged to ensure no one waits more than two years for planned treatment and to restore the eight-week target for diagnostic testing.
Health boards will be expected to continue transforming how they deliver planned care over the next 12 months. This includes adopting more regional working models and implementing recommendations from the Ministerial Advisory Group on NHS Performance and Productivity, due to report later this month.
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