Health
NHS health boards in Wales fail to balance books amid rising pressures
A RECENT audit by the Auditor General has revealed that all seven health boards in Wales have failed to meet their statutory duty to break even over a three-year period, underscoring the growing financial pressures on the NHS. The findings, drawn from the 2023-24 accounts of NHS bodies, have sparked concerns about the sustainability of health services in Wales.
The audit, which provides a comprehensive overview of the financial health of NHS bodies, concluded that while the accounts present a true and fair view of their financial positions, the seven health boards were unable to achieve the statutory financial balance required by law. Consequently, the Auditor General was compelled to qualify his ‘regularity’ audit opinion for these health boards.
In contrast, the three NHS trusts and two special health authorities in Wales successfully met their break-even duties, offering a glimpse of hope in an otherwise challenging financial landscape.

Particularly concerning were the findings related to Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board and Velindre NHS Trust. Both were found to have breached standing financial instructions, leading to irregular expenditure in payments made to former senior officials. For Betsi Cadwaladr, this marks the second consecutive year of such breaches, further highlighting the governance challenges faced by some NHS bodies.
The financial strain on the NHS in Wales is exacerbated by a combination of rising demand for services and the impact of inflation. In 2023-24, health services in Wales received £10.638 billion in revenue funding, an increase of £744 million from the previous year. However, despite this substantial cash uplift, the real-term increase in funding was just 1.2%, a modest improvement compared to the 4.9% real-term decrease in 2022-23.
The audit also highlighted a growing in-year deficit, which has risen to £183 million in 2023-24, up from £150 million in the previous year. The three-year cumulative overspend across the NHS has now reached £385 million, a significant increase from the £248 million recorded in 2022-23.
One area of concern is the expenditure on agency staff, which, despite a 19% reduction in 2023-24, remains a significant cost at £262 million. This spending largely covers workforce vacancies and additional activity to meet rising demand, underscoring the ongoing staffing challenges within the NHS.
In response to these financial pressures, NHS bodies have been striving to deliver significant savings. Reported savings for 2023-24 reached £210 million, the highest level since 2018-19. However, much of these savings are non-recurrent, with 41% of total reported savings falling into this category, down from 60% in the previous year.
The Auditor General, Adrian Crompton, expressed concern over the situation, stating, “The growing cumulative deficit for the NHS in Wales demonstrates that despite record levels of investment and higher than ever levels of savings, the statutory framework put in place by the Welsh Government to drive financial sustainability in the NHS is not working.”
Mr Crompton called for more fundamental changes to address the challenges faced by the NHS, including the need to reconsider its structure, funding, and workforce. He urged politicians, government officials, and NHS bodies to collaborate on finding sustainable solutions to these pressing issues.
As the NHS in Wales grapples with these financial challenges, the publication of the NHS Wales Finances Data Tool 2023-24 provides further insight into the current financial positions of NHS bodies, offering a valuable resource for those seeking to understand the complexities of healthcare funding in Wales.
Auditor General, Adrian Crompton told this newspaper: “Whilst I recognise the scale of the financial and operational challenges faced by the NHS, I am concerned at once again having to qualify my audit opinion on the accounts of all seven Health Boards because they have failed to meet the statutory duty to break even over three years. The growing cumulative deficit for the NHS in Wales demonstrates that despite record levels of investment and higher than ever levels of savings, the statutory framework put in place by the Welsh Government to drive financial sustainability in the NHS is not working.
Whilst there remains an urgent need for NHS bodies to continue to drive out cost inefficiencies in the way they work, this alone is unlikely to return the NHS to financial balance. More fundamental challenges now need to be grasped around the shape and infrastructure of the NHS, the level of funding it needs, its workforce challenges and how the demand for its services can be better managed. These are issues that should exercise the minds of politicians, government officials and NHS bodies and their partners in equal measure.’
The ongoing financial pressures and the inability of health boards to meet statutory obligations serve as a stark reminder of the urgent need for strategic planning and reform within the NHS to ensure its long-term viability.
Health
Nursing students pushed into poverty despite support, RCN Wales warns
NURSING students in Wales are being forced to choose between food, bills and travelling to clinical placements, the Royal College of Nursing has warned.
The union says existing financial support is no longer enough to meet the real cost of training, with some students taking on extra work, falling into debt or considering leaving their courses altogether.
RCN Wales is calling on the Welsh Government to carry out an urgent review of the true cost of studying nursing.
It wants the current non-means-tested NHS Wales bursary to be protected and increased in line with inflation, alongside a fairer means-tested system which reflects students’ individual circumstances.
Students struggling
The RCN said it is hearing from nursing students across Wales who cannot afford to travel to placements, despite those placements being a compulsory part of their training.
Others are working long hours on top of full-time study and clinical duties, leaving them exhausted and under intense pressure.
A mature student nurse in South Wales said she left a secure full-time healthcare support worker role after almost twenty years to train as a nurse, but the financial impact on her family had been overwhelming.
A student nurse in North Wales said training “takes everything from you emotionally and financially”, with her partner forced to move to night shifts to support the household while she completed placements and university work.
A student midwife in South Wales said she had given up financial security and missed important family events while trying to balance full-time placements, academic work and part-time employment.
‘Devastating loss’
Speaking from Liverpool during RCN Congress, RCN Wales Executive Director Nicola Williams said: “While we welcome the existing non-means-tested bursary, it simply does not go far enough in the current financial climate.
“We are hearing directly from students who cannot afford to get to placements, who are working exhausting hours alongside full-time study, and who are struggling to meet even their most basic needs.
“Some are being penalised by means testing that does not reflect their real circumstances, leaving them without the support they need.
“Students are telling us they feel unable to look after themselves, are experiencing housing insecurity and in some cases are considering leaving their course altogether.
“We cannot allow financial pressures due to the cost-of-living situation to drive future nurses out of the profession before they even qualify. This would be a devastating loss for patients and services across Wales.”
Call for action
RCN Wales warned that without urgent action, financial hardship could worsen existing workforce shortages in NHS Wales.
The union said current funding arrangements do not properly reflect the cost of long and demanding NHS placements.
It is urging the Welsh Government to act now to “care for the future nursing workforce” by ensuring people who want to become nurses are properly supported while they train.
RCN Wales represents around 35,000 nursing staff and students across Wales.
Health
Pharmacy services review launched across west Wales
Residents asked to help shape future provision in Pembrokeshire, Carmarthenshire and Ceredigion
PEOPLE across Pembrokeshire, Carmarthenshire and Ceredigion are being asked to give their views on the future of community pharmacy services.
Hywel Dda University Health Board has launched a consultation on its updated draft Pharmaceutical Needs Assessment, which looks at current pharmacy provision, any gaps in services, and what may be needed in future.
Health boards in Wales have been required since October 2021 to publish a Pharmaceutical Needs Assessment. The document must be updated every five years and is used to help guide decisions about how pharmacy services are developed and improved.
The latest draft assessment has been prepared following engagement with community pharmacy contractors and members of the public earlier this year.
The health board is now inviting further feedback before a final version is published later in 2026.
The survey opened on Monday (May 18) and will close on Friday, July 17.
Residents can take part online, pick up a paper copy from their local pharmacy, or request a copy by emailing [email protected] or calling 0300 303 8322 and selecting option five.
Rhian Bond, Assistant Director of Primary Care for Hywel Dda University Health Board, said: “This is an important opportunity for people to share their experiences of community pharmacy services and tell us how they could be improved.
“Community pharmacies play a vital role in supporting people’s health and wellbeing. They are often the first point of contact for advice, treatment and support.
“By providing feedback you can help us ensure services are accessible, effective and meet the needs of communities now and in the future.”
The final Pharmaceutical Needs Assessment will be published later this year on the health board’s website, along with a summary of the feedback received.
Health
Welsh charity calls for live-saving prostate cancer screening
PROSTATE CYMRU is calling for routine prostate cancer testing as the UK Government prepares to make a final decision on whether to introduce a national screening programme.
The Welsh charity says too many men are still being diagnosed late, despite prostate cancer affecting one in eight men, one in four Black men, and one in three men with a family history of the disease.
Last year, the National Screening Committee opened a public consultation after issuing a draft recommendation against screening all men. It also did not support a targeted screening programme for Black men or those with a family history, despite their higher risk.
A final decision is expected this month.
‘Early diagnosis is key’
Andy Thomas, chair of Prostate Cymru and a recently retired consultant urological surgeon, said early diagnosis remained crucial.
He said: “Early diagnosis is key. In Wales, the impact of prostate cancer is significant, affecting one in eight men, and one in three with a family history. Often, it doesn’t present with any symptoms, so it is essential that men get tested.
“Currently, you only get tested if you request it, or if you have a proactive GP that recommends it. But we constantly hear of men who have difficulties in getting a GP appointment, and in some cases even being refused a test.
“And what about the men who don’t think to ask for a test? We need a screening programme.”
Because of concerns about access through GP surgeries, Prostate Cymru has been running its own PSA testing events with support from commercial sponsors.
In 2025, 200 men who attended the charity’s events received a “red alert”, advising them to seek urgent medical advice. That represented almost 6% of all those tested.
Mr Thomas added: “We do what we can. But we are a charity and we simply cannot test everyone.
“The government needs to be more proactive in raising awareness among those most at risk and it needs to educate and advise GPs so that men aren’t refused tests or feel dissuaded.”
‘This can’t come down to luck’
Among those now calling for change is Cardiff man Kervin Julien, a Black Caribbean man who was told two days before Christmas that he had prostate cancer.
Kervin, a Radio Cardiff presenter and Justice for Cardiff Five campaigner, has since undergone surgery and is using his experience to raise awareness, particularly among Black men.
He said: “The government is lingering on a decision that could save lives. With one in eight men getting prostate cancer, we need screening. And with one in four Black men getting it, we definitely need screening.
“Many men make excuses for certain symptoms that they might be going through, and we don’t talk about these things. And lots of men don’t even have any symptoms but still have prostate cancer.
“A screening programme would mean it wouldn’t rely on men being proactive and having to ask for a test.”
Kervin said he now wanted to campaign for screening and create greater awareness among younger Black men.
He added: “What if I hadn’t gone to the doctor? What if I hadn’t had a PSA test?”
‘Without the test, I would not have known’
James Roberts, 59, from Abergele, was diagnosed with stage three prostate cancer after attending a Prostate Cymru PSA testing event in Colwyn Bay last summer.
He said he had previously approached his GP practice about a PSA test but felt dissuaded from having one.
James said: “I am stage three, so that means the cancer has spread outside the prostate but it hasn’t gone into my bones or the lymph nodes. It’s what they call advanced. Had they caught it earlier, I could have had surgery to remove it.
“Women routinely have smears and mammograms, so why are we getting left behind?
“Policy makers are arguing that it isn’t reliable, but this blood test takes five minutes and it’s a marker. It indicates whether you need further tests.
“Without Prostate Cymru and the PSA test, I wouldn’t have known anything about this and it would have ended up being stage four.”
‘It was just luck’
Swansea man Dean Hopkins, also 59, was first tested by his GP in 2017 and was advised to return in three years.
But when the Covid pandemic hit, Dean struggled to get an appointment and, with no obvious symptoms, let it slide.
He later spotted an advert for a Prostate Cymru testing event while watching football in Swansea. After attending, he received a red alert and was later diagnosed with stage three prostate cancer.
Dean has undergone radiotherapy and is now receiving hormone therapy and steroid medication. He will continue to be monitored for the rest of his life.
He said: “We need a national screening programme because it was just luck that I saw an advert for the Prostate Cymru event.
“This can’t just come down to luck or whether you have a GP that takes it seriously. We all need to be screened.
“If I’d been tested in 2020, this would have been caught earlier. I feel I missed out on six or seven years, in which time my cancer was growing.”
Prostate Cymru is continuing to run testing events this summer while urging men, particularly those at higher risk, to speak to their GP about a PSA test.
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