Business
HMRC investigations into large UK businesses hit five-year low
The number of large UK businesses under investigation by HMRC for potential tax underpayment has dropped to a five-year low, with only 790 companies investigated in 2022-23. This significant decline has prompted questions about HMRC’s strategy and resource allocation in enforcing tax compliance among the UK’s largest corporations.
Decline in investigations amid resource constraints
Historically, HMRC has investigated about half of Britain’s 2,000 largest companies at any given time. However, recent data shows a steady decline in these probes, with 820 companies investigated in 2021-22, down from nearly 1,000 in 2018-19.
Several factors have contributed to this decline. The COVID-19 pandemic temporarily paused some investigations as HMRC redirected resources to more urgent issues. Additionally, ongoing resource constraints and a shortage of skilled investigators have compounded the challenge, especially given the complexity of large business tax cases.
Despite these challenges, HMRC has prioritised high-value cases to boost tax recovery. This targeted approach, aided by technology, helps HMRC maximise the impact of its limited resources, even with fewer investigations. Businesses can maintain compliance by using tools like HMRC approved payroll software, which ensures accurate and timely tax reporting.
Increased compliance yields
Despite the decline in investigations, HMRC has seen a significant rise in compliance yields—the tax revenue recovered due to compliance efforts. In 2023-24, the yield increased by £1.6 billion compared to 2018-19, reaching £11.4 billion. This growth highlights HMRC’s focus on high-value cases with substantial tax recovery potential.
Tax experts generally agree with HMRC’s reasoning for the decline in investigations, acknowledging that the agency is using its resources more effectively. Additionally, investigations are being completed faster, with the average inquiry now taking 21 months, down from 36 months the previous year.
Future outlook and legislative impact
Looking ahead, analysts anticipate an increase in investigations during the current parliament, especially with the Labour Party’s plan to invest an additional £855 million annually into HMRC to tackle tax avoidance.
The “notification of uncertain tax treatments” law, introduced in April 2022, is expected to impact future investigations by requiring large businesses to inform HMRC of uncertain tax positions. This enables HMRC to better target its efforts, aiming to further reduce the legal interpretation tax gap, which has already decreased from £6 billion in 2019-20 to £4 billion in 2022-23.
Conclusion
Despite the decrease in the number of investigations, HMRC’s refined approach has proven effective in increasing tax compliance among large UK businesses. With additional funding and new legislation in place, the agency is poised to continue improving its oversight and ensuring that large businesses pay their fair share of taxes.
Business
First wind turbine components arrive as LNG project moves ahead
THE FIRST ship carrying major components for Dragon LNG’s new onshore wind turbines docked at Pembroke Port last week, marking the start of physical deliveries for the multi-million-pound renewable energy project.
The Maltese-registered general cargo vessel Peak Bergen berthed at Pembroke Dock on Wednesday 26th November, bringing tower sections and other heavy components for the three Enercon turbines that will eventually stand on land adjacent to the existing gas terminal at Waterston.
A second vessel, the Irish-flagged Wilson Flex IV, has arrived in Pembroke Port today (Thursday) carrying the giant rotor blades.
The deliveries follow a successful trial convoy on 25 November, when police-escorted low-loader trailers carried dummy loads along the planned route from the port through Pembroke, past Waterloo roundabout and up the A477 to the Dragon LNG site.
Dragon LNG’s Community and Social Performance Officer, Lynette Round, confirmed the latest movements in emails to the Herald.
“The Peak Bergen arrived last week with the first components,” she said. “We are expecting another delivery tomorrow (Thursday) onboard the Wilson Flex IV. This will be blades and is currently showing an ETA of approximately 03:30.”
The £14.3 million project, approved by Welsh Ministers last year, will see three turbines with a combined capacity of up to 13.5 MW erected on company-owned land next to the LNG terminal. Once operational – expected in late 2026 – they will generate enough electricity to power the entire site, significantly reducing its carbon footprint.
The Weather conditions were favourable for the arrival of the Wilson Flex IV, which was tracking south of the Smalls at midnight.
The abnormal-load convoys carrying the components from the port to Waterston are expected to begin early next year, subject to final police and highway approvals.
A community benefit fund linked to the project will provide for residents in nearby Waterston, Llanstadwell and Neyland.
Further updates will be issued by Dragon LNG as the Port of Milford Haven as the delivery programme continues.
Photo: Martin Cavaney
Business
Cardiff Airport announces special Air France flights for Six Nations
Direct services to Paris-Charles de Gaulle launched to cater for Welsh supporters, French fans and couples planning a Valentine’s getaway
CARDIFF AIRPORT and Air France have unveiled a series of special direct flights between Cardiff (CWL) and Paris-Charles de Gaulle (CDG) scheduled for February 2026.
Timed to coincide with two major dates — the Wales v France Six Nations clash on Saturday 15 February and Valentine’s weekend — the flights are designed to offer supporters and holidaymakers an easy link between the two capitals.
For travelling French rugby fans, the services provide a straightforward route into Wales ahead of match day at the Principality Stadium, when Cardiff will once again be transformed by the colour, noise and passion that accompanies one of the tournament’s most eagerly awaited fixtures.

For Welsh passengers, the additional flights offer a seamless escape to Paris for Valentine’s Day, as well as opportunities for short breaks and onward travel via Air France’s wider global network.
Cardiff Airport CEO Jon Bridge said: “We’re thrilled to offer direct flights to such a vibrant and exciting city for Valentine’s weekend. Cardiff Airport is expanding its reach and giving customers fantastic travel options. We’ve listened to passenger demand and are delighted to make this opportunity possible. There is more to come from Cardiff.”
Tickets are already on sale via the Air France website and through travel agents.
Special flight schedule
Paris (CDG) → Cardiff (CWL):
- 13 February 2026: AF4148 departs 17:00 (arrives 17:30)
- 14 February 2026: AF4148 departs 14:00 (arrives 14:30)
- 15 February 2026: AF4148 departs 08:00 (arrives 08:30)
- 15 February 2026: AF4150 departs 19:40 (arrives 20:10)
- 16 February 2026: AF4148 departs 08:00 (arrives 08:30)
- 16 February 2026: AF4150 departs 16:30 (arrives 17:00)
Cardiff (CWL) → Paris (CDG):
- 13 February 2026: AF4149 departs 18:20 (arrives 20:50)
- 14 February 2026: AF4149 departs 15:20 (arrives 17:50)
- 15 February 2026: AF4149 departs 09:20 (arrives 11:50)
- 15 February 2026: AF4151 departs 21:00 (arrives 23:30)
- 16 February 2026: AF4149 departs 09:20 (arrives 11:50)
- 16 February 2026: AF4151 departs 17:50 (arrives 20:20)
Business
Cwm Deri Vineyard Martletwy holiday lets plans deferred
CALLS to convert a former vineyard restaurant in rural Pembrokeshire which had been recommended for refusal has been given a breathing space by planners.
In an application recommended for refusal at the December meeting of Pembrokeshire County Council’s planning committee, Barry Cadogan sought permission for a farm diversification and expansion of an existing holiday operation through the conversion of the redundant former Cwm Deri vineyard production base and restaurant to three holiday lets at Oaklea, Martletwy.
It was recommended for refusal on the grounds of the open countryside location being contrary to planning policy and there was no evidence submitted that the application would not increase foul flows and that nutrient neutrality in the Pembrokeshire Marine SAC would be achieved within this catchment.
An officer report said that, while the scheme was suggested as a form of farm diversification, no detail had been provided in the form of a business case.
Speaking at the meeting, agent Andrew Vaughan-Harries of Hayston Developments & Planning Ltd, after the committee had enjoyed a seasonal break for mince pies, said of the recommendation for refusal: “I’m a bit grumpy over this one; the client has done everything right, he has talked with the authority and it’s not in retrospect but has had a negative report from your officers.”

He said the former Cwm Deri vineyard had been a very successful business, with a shop and a restaurant catering for ‘100 covers’ before it closed two three years ago when the original owner relocated to Carmarthenshire.
He said Mr Cadogan then bought the site, farming over 36 acres and running a small campsite of 20 spaces, but didn’t wish to run a café or a wine shop; arguing the “beautiful kitchen” and facilities would easily convert to holiday let use.
He said a “common sense approach” showed a septic tank that could cope with a restaurant of “100 covers” could cope with three holiday lets, describing the nitrates issue as “a red herring”.
He suggested a deferral for further information to be provided by the applicant, adding: “This is a big, missed opportunity if we just kick this out today, there’s a building sitting there not creating any jobs.”
On the ‘open countryside’ argument, he said that while many viewed Martletwy as “a little bit in the sticks” there was already permission for the campsite, and the restaurant, and the Bluestone holiday park and the Wild Lakes water park were roughly a mile or so away.
He said converting the former restaurant would “be an asset to bring it over to tourism,” adding: “We don’t all want to stay in Tenby or the Ty Hotel in Milford Haven.”
While Cllr Nick Neuman felt the nutrients issue could be overcome, Cllr Michael Williams warned the application was “clearly outside policy,” recommending it be refused.
A counter-proposal, by Cllr Tony Wilcox, called for a site visit before any decision was made, the application returning to a future committee; members voting seven to three in favour of that.
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