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HMRC investigations into large UK businesses hit five-year low

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The number of large UK businesses under investigation by HMRC for potential tax underpayment has dropped to a five-year low, with only 790 companies investigated in 2022-23. This significant decline has prompted questions about HMRC’s strategy and resource allocation in enforcing tax compliance among the UK’s largest corporations.

Decline in investigations amid resource constraints

Historically, HMRC has investigated about half of Britain’s 2,000 largest companies at any given time. However, recent data shows a steady decline in these probes, with 820 companies investigated in 2021-22, down from nearly 1,000 in 2018-19.

Several factors have contributed to this decline. The COVID-19 pandemic temporarily paused some investigations as HMRC redirected resources to more urgent issues. Additionally, ongoing resource constraints and a shortage of skilled investigators have compounded the challenge, especially given the complexity of large business tax cases.

Despite these challenges, HMRC has prioritised high-value cases to boost tax recovery. This targeted approach, aided by technology, helps HMRC maximise the impact of its limited resources, even with fewer investigations. Businesses can maintain compliance by using tools like HMRC approved payroll software, which ensures accurate and timely tax reporting.

Increased compliance yields

Despite the decline in investigations, HMRC has seen a significant rise in compliance yields—the tax revenue recovered due to compliance efforts. In 2023-24, the yield increased by £1.6 billion compared to 2018-19, reaching £11.4 billion. This growth highlights HMRC’s focus on high-value cases with substantial tax recovery potential.

Tax experts generally agree with HMRC’s reasoning for the decline in investigations, acknowledging that the agency is using its resources more effectively. Additionally, investigations are being completed faster, with the average inquiry now taking 21 months, down from 36 months the previous year.

Future outlook and legislative impact

Looking ahead, analysts anticipate an increase in investigations during the current parliament, especially with the Labour Party’s plan to invest an additional £855 million annually into HMRC to tackle tax avoidance. 

The “notification of uncertain tax treatments” law, introduced in April 2022, is expected to impact future investigations by requiring large businesses to inform HMRC of uncertain tax positions. This enables HMRC to better target its efforts, aiming to further reduce the legal interpretation tax gap, which has already decreased from £6 billion in 2019-20 to £4 billion in 2022-23.

Conclusion

Despite the decrease in the number of investigations, HMRC’s refined approach has proven effective in increasing tax compliance among large UK businesses. With additional funding and new legislation in place, the agency is poised to continue improving its oversight and ensuring that large businesses pay their fair share of taxes.

 

Business

Tax deadline for self-employed and landlords as digital system goes live in April

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Quarterly online reporting to become mandatory for higher earners under HMRC shake-up

MORE than 860,000 sole traders and landlords across the UK are being urged to prepare now for major changes to the way they report tax, with new digital rules coming into force in just two months.

From April 6, thousands of self-employed workers and property landlords earning over £50,000 a year will be required to keep digital records and submit quarterly income updates to HM Revenue & Customs under the Government’s Making Tax Digital scheme.

The changes form part of a wider overhaul designed to modernise the tax system and reduce errors.

Instead of submitting figures once a year, those affected will use approved software to record income and expenses throughout the year and send short quarterly summaries to HMRC. Officials stress these are not extra tax returns, but updates intended to spread the workload and avoid the usual January rush.

Free and paid software options are available, with the system automatically generating the figures needed for submission.

At the end of the tax year, users will still file a Self Assessment return, but most of the information will already be stored digitally.

Craig Ogilvie, HMRC’s Director of Making Tax Digital, said the move should make tax reporting simpler.

He said: “With two months to go until MTD for Income Tax launches, now is the time to act. The system is straightforward and helps reduce errors. Thousands have already tested it successfully.

“Spreading your tax admin throughout the year means avoiding that last-minute scramble to complete a tax return every January.”

More than 12,000 quarterly updates have already been submitted during a voluntary trial.

Phased rollout

The new rules will be introduced gradually:

• From April 2026 – those earning £50,000 or more
• From April 2027 – those earning £30,000 or more
• From April 2028 – those earning £20,000 or more

To ease the transition, HMRC says it will not issue penalty points for late quarterly submissions during the first 12 months.

After that, a points system will apply, with a £200 fine only triggered once four late submissions are reached.

Anyone unable to use digital tools for genuine reasons can apply for an exemption.

Tax agents and accountants are advising clients to prepare early to avoid last-minute problems.

Further guidance, webinars and sign-up details are available via GOV.UK.

 

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Business

Bid to convert office space into chocolate factory, salon and laundrette

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A CALL for the retrospective conversion of office space previously connected to a Pembrokeshire car hire business to a chocolate factory, a beauty salon and a laundrette has been submitted to county planners

In an application to Pembrokeshire County Council, Mr M Williams, through agent Preseli Planning Ltd, sought retrospective permission for the subdivision of an office on land off Scotchwell Cottage, Cartlett, Haverfordwest into three units forming a chocolate manufacturing, a beauty salon, and a launderette, along with associated works.

A supporting statement said planning history at the site saw a 2018 application for the refurbishment of an existing office building and a change of use from oil depot offices to a hire car office and car/van storage yard, approved back in 2019.

For the chocolate manufacturing by ‘Pembrokeshire Chocolate company,’ as part of the latest scheme it said: “The operation comprises of manufacturing of handmade bespoke flavoured chocolate bars. Historically there was an element of counter sales but this has now ceased. The business sales comprise of online orders and the delivery of produce to local stockist. There are no counter sales from the premises.”

It said the beauty salon “offers treatments, nail services and hairdressing,” operating “on an appointment only basis, with the hairdresser element also offering a mobile service”. It said the third unit of the building functions as a commercial laundrette and ironing services known as ‘West Coast Laundry,’ which “predominantly provides services to holiday cottages, hotels and care homes”.

The statement added: “Beyond the unchanged access the site has parking provision for at least 12 vehicles and a turning area. The building now forms three units which employ two persons per unit. The 12 parking spaces, therefore, provide sufficient provision for staff.

“In terms of visiting members of the public the beauty salon operates on an appointment only basis and based on its small scale can only accommodate two customers at any one time. Therefore, ample parking provision exists to visitors.

“With regard to the chocolate manufacturing and commercial laundrette service these enterprises do not attract visitors but do attract the dropping off laundry and delivery of associated inputs. Drop off and collections associated with the laundry services tend to fall in line with holiday accommodation changeover days, for example Tuesday drop off and collections on the Thursday.

“With regard to the chocolate manufacturing ingredients are delivered by couriers and movements associated with this is also estimated at 10 vehicular movements per week.”

The application will be considered by county planners at a later date.

 

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Business

First Minister criticised after ‘Netflix’ comment on struggling high streets

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Government announces 15% support package but campaigners say costs still crushing hospitality

PUBS, cafés and restaurants across Wales will receive extra business rates relief — but ministers are facing criticism after comments suggesting people staying home watching Netflix are partly to blame for struggling high streets.

The Welsh Government has announced a 15% business rates discount for around 4,400 hospitality businesses in 2026-27, backed by up to £8 million in funding.

Announcing the package, Welsh Government Finance Secretary Mark Drakeford said: “Pubs, restaurants, cafés, bars, and live music venues are at the heart of communities across Wales. We know they are facing real pressures, from rising costs to changing consumer habits.

“This additional support will help around 4,400 businesses as they adapt to these challenges.”

The announcement came hours after Eluned Morgan suggested in Senedd discussions that changing lifestyles — including more time spent at home on streaming services — were contributing to falling footfall in town centres.

The remarks prompted political backlash.

Leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats, Jane Dodds, said: “People are not willingly choosing Netflix over the high street. They are being forced indoors because prices keep rising and wages are not.

“Blaming people for staying at home is an insult to business owners who are working longer hours just to survive.”

Industry groups say the problem runs deeper than consumer behaviour.

The Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA) welcomed the discount but warned it would not prevent closures.

Chris Charters, CAMRA Wales director, said: “15% off for a year is only the start. It won’t fix the unfair business rates system our pubs are being crushed by.

“Welsh publicans need a permanent solution, or doors will continue to close.”

Across Pembrokeshire, traders have repeatedly told The Herald that rising energy bills, wage pressures and rates — rather than a lack of willingness to go out — are keeping customers away.

Several town centres have seen growing numbers of empty units over the past year, with independent shops and hospitality venues reporting reduced footfall outside the main tourist season.

While ministers say the relief balances support with tight public finances, business groups are calling for wider and longer-term reform.

Further debate on rates changes is expected later this year.

 

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