Cymraeg
Jonathan Edwards AS yn ysgrifennu
UN O fy gweithredoedd olaf yn San Steffan cyn y Nadolig oedd gosod cynnig gerbron y Senedd oedd yn mynegi pryder am ail ddyfodiad y diwydiant caethweision yng ngogledd Affrica.
Darlledwr Americanaidd CNN wnaeth ddatgelu’r erchylltra wrth i’w gohebwyr deithio i Libya a darganfod masnach mewn pobl, gyda dynion a merched ifainc yn cael eu gwerthu mewn ocsiwn agored. Yn aml byddai y dioddefwyr wedi wynebu trais rhywiol ac artaith cyn cael eu gwerthu.
Tarddiad y broblem yw y symudiad o fudwyr economaidd o wledydd i’r de o anialwch y Sahara i Lybia mewn ymgais i groesi Môr y Canoldir i Ewrop. Rydym yn sôn am smyglo pobl ar lefel ddiwydiannol gyda’r ifainc yn heidio wrth lyncu addewidion o ddianc rhag tlodi Affrica i gyfoeth Ewrop.
Mae yn anodd credu yn yr 21 Ganrif bod sefyllfa yn bodoli unrhyw le yn y byd lle mae pobl yn cael eu trin fel eiddo, i’w brynu a gwerthu a’u cam-drin. Rhywbeth chi’n darllen mewn nofelau, llyfrau hanes, neu gwylio mewn ffilmiau – perthyn i oes tywyll yn hanes dynolryw – yw masnach pobl. Craidd caethwasiaeth wrth gwrs yw bod rhai pobl yn llwyr israddol, heb unrhyw hawliau dynol o unrhyw fath. Gallwn ond ddychmygu amodau byw y rhai sydd yn byw fel caethweision.
O ystyried graddfa y datgeliadau gan CNN mae’n amlwg bod angen gweithredu ar frys ar lefel rhyngwladol. Mae rôl sylfaenol i’r Cenhedloedd Unedig ac i Undeb Affrica i greu polisïau rhyngwladol addas. Yn bersonol credaf bod angen ymateb polisi wedi selio ar tair golofn sylfaenol:
Yn gyntaf rhaid adfer grym llywodraeth Libya dros holl diriogaeth y wladwriaeth ac adfer rheolaeth cyfreithiol wedi selio ar hawliau dynol sylfaenol. Un o sgil effeithiau rhyfel y Gorllewin yn erbyn Gaddafi oedd anrhefn gwleidyddol dros tiriogaeth Libya wrth i’r llywodraeth newydd methu cadw rheolaeth dros y wlad. Gyda rhannau enfawr o Libya bellach mewn stad o anrhefn does dim syndod bod gweithredoedd hollol dychrynllyd wedi dychwelyd. Unwaith eto mae gwers i wledydd y Gorllewin bod yna goblygiadau dirfawr i gweithredoedd milwrol tramor. Mae ‘regime change’ wrth gwrs yn anghyfreithlon ac roedd yn hollol anghyfrifol i Cameron a Sarkozy golchi eu dwylo o Libya yn syth ar ôl y rhyfel.
Yn ail mae angen rhaglenni addysgiadol yn y gwledydd i’r de o’r Sahara sy’n rhybuddio pobl am ffawd mudwyr economaidd i gystadlu gyda propaganda y smyglwyr. Yn fwy na hynny rhaid mynd i’r afael a’r tlodi enfawr yn y gwledydd dan sylw a delio gyda rhyfeloedd yr ardal. Haws dweud na gwneud yn sicr ond rhaid I ni sylweddoli yn y Gorllewin yn yr oes modern os oes problemau mewn gwledydd tlawd y byd mae nhw’n datblygu yn gloi yn broblem i ni hefyd. Y gwirionedd yw bydd angen ail dosbarthu cyfoeth ac adnoddau yn sylweddol yn hytrach na system economaidd sy’n ecsploitio’r tlawd a canoli pwer, cyfoeth a grym ymysg yr elit.
Yn olaf bydd angen atgyfnerthu systemau sy’n atal y llif anghyfreithlon o fudwyr economaidd o Affrica i Ewrop. Mae derbyn ffoaduriaid wrth gwrs yn fater hollol gwahanol ac rwy’n falch iawn gweld mai Sir Gar, dan reolaeth Plaid Cymru, sydd ar ben rhestr Cynghorau Cymru o ran gweithredu ein cyfrifoldebau dyngarol. Siomedig iawn oedd darllen bod nifer fawr o gynghorau dan reolaeth y Blaid Lafur heb derbyn yr un ffoadur blwyddyn diwethaf.
Heb gweithredu cynhwysfawr ar y tri lefel uchod pryderaf ond gwaethygu bydd y sefyllfa.
I orffen hoffwn dymuno Blwyddyn Newydd Dda i holl ddarllenwyr yr Herald. Cawn obeithio am flwyddyn heddychlon a llewyrchus i bawb.
Cymraeg
National Eisteddfod unveils legacy framework to boost Welsh language and communities
A NEW national framework aimed at securing a lasting legacy from the National Eisteddfod has been published jointly by the festival’s organisers and the Welsh Government.
The plan sets out how the Eisteddfod’s impact will be strengthened before, during and after each annual event, bringing together partners from across education, community development, culture, the economy and the Welsh language sector.
While each Eisteddfod reflects the identity of its host community, the framework aims to ensure long-term benefits are consistently delivered nationwide, rather than limited to the festival period.
The legacy programme will cover a wide range of areas including education, inclusion, digital innovation, volunteering and economic development, with new national and local structures designed to coordinate delivery more effectively.
A national project board will oversee the strategy, setting direction and sharing best practice year-on-year. At a local level, a steering group will drive community-based work, helping turn the Eisteddfod into a catalyst for lasting change.
Cabinet Secretary for Finance and the Welsh Language, Mark Drakeford said the festival’s impact goes far beyond a single week.
“The Eisteddfod is far more than a week-long festival. It is a multi-year project that leaves a lasting legacy for the Welsh language and culture in the area,” he said.
“By bringing together partners from across key sectors, this framework will help deliver real and lasting change for our communities and support our ambition of reaching a million Welsh speakers by 2050.”
Nic Parry, President of the Eisteddfod Court and Chair of its Management Board, said the framework strengthens collaboration at both local and national level.
“It allows us to deliver on a long-held ambition to drive language planning through the lens of the National Eisteddfod,” he said.
“It also positions the Eisteddfod as a powerful tool for boosting local economies and supporting sustainable communities for future generations.”
Further details are expected later this year, with membership of the national project board due to be confirmed by mid-June.
A dedicated session at this year’s Eisteddfod will also gather evidence from the 2026 host area to help shape future plans for 2027 and 2028.
More information is available via the Eisteddfod’s legacy framework online.
Cymraeg
Pembrokeshire tutors part of Welsh learning boom as numbers hit record high
Local success stories highlight surge as more than 20,000 people learn Welsh across Wales
A PEMBROKESHIRE-BASED Welsh tutor who once learned the language as an adult is now helping others follow in his footsteps — as new figures reveal a record number of people learning Welsh across Wales.
David Thomas, who teaches with Learn Welsh Pembrokeshire, began learning the language in 2016 after returning to Wales from London. He went on to win Welsh Learner of the Year at the AmGen Eisteddfod in 2021 and now teaches beginner courses locally.

He is joined by fellow tutor Gwilym Morgan, a Cardiff University student who teaches online courses while running his own business.
Their journeys come as new data shows that 20,445 people completed Welsh courses in 2024–2025 — the highest number ever recorded.
Figures released on Monday (Mar 17) by the National Centre for Learning Welsh show a 12% rise on the previous year, and a 61% increase since records began in 2017–2018.
The growth is being driven in part by flexible learning options and targeted programmes, including a major expansion in workplace training.
Nearly four in ten learners (39%) are now learning Welsh through their jobs — a total of 8,370 people — particularly in sectors such as health, social care and education.
Education watchdog Estyn has described the Centre as “one of the cornerstones of linguistic planning initiatives in the workplace.”
There has also been a sharp rise in younger learners. In 2024–2025, 4,110 people aged sixteen to twenty-four took part — a 56% increase on the previous year and a 483% rise since 2018–2019.
Overall, 17,350 learners were aged between sixteen and sixty-four.
Learners are also engaging more deeply, completing 34,960 learning activities over the year — up 12% on 2023–2024.
Dona Lewis, Chief Executive of the National Centre for Learning Welsh, said: “We’re delighted with these latest figures, which show consistent, steady growth in the number of people learning Welsh.
“The figures reflect the Centre’s strategic planning and the way it uses its expertise to reach new audiences — particularly in workplaces — supporting our aim of creating more Welsh speakers.”
Speaking about his own journey, David said learning Welsh had been life-changing.
“As someone who learned Welsh as an adult, I see it as a gateway to the whole culture of Wales,” he said.
“I know what it feels like to be in the classroom, so being able to introduce others to the language — and hopefully give them a positive experience — is really special.”
The National Centre for Learning Welsh leads the adult Welsh learning sector, working with providers across Wales to deliver courses ranging from beginner to advanced level, both in person and online.
Cymraeg
Reform plan to scrap Welsh language target sparks criticism from campaigners
Language activists warn proposal could undermine long-term support for Welsh
CAMPAIGNERS have warned that proposals by the Nigel Farage-led Reform UK to scrap Wales’ target of one million Welsh speakers by 2050 could place the language at risk.
The comments came during the launch of Reform’s Welsh manifesto in Newport on Thursday (Mar 5), where Farage and the party’s Welsh leader Dan Thomas set out their plans for the language.
The party says it would remove what it describes as “arbitrary” targets for the number of Welsh speakers, arguing that the language is already growing naturally.
Farage told supporters that Welsh appeared to be “thriving” in parts of the country and said younger generations were increasingly learning and using the language.
He argued that Welsh culture and language should be allowed to develop organically rather than being driven by official targets or public bodies.
Questions were also raised at the event about the future of the Welsh Language Commissioner. Farage suggested there was no clear need for additional “quangos” if the language continued to grow through public interest.
However, campaign group Cymdeithas yr Iaith said the proposals demonstrate a misunderstanding of the current challenges facing the language.
Chairman Owain Meirion said it was wrong to describe Welsh as thriving when the proportion of speakers has fallen in recent census results.
According to campaigners, around 17.8 per cent of people in Wales currently report being able to speak Welsh, with the overall proportion declining over the past two censuses.
They warned that removing the 2050 target of one million speakers could weaken long-term support for the language and the communities where it is most widely spoken.
Campaigners also pointed out that the manifesto includes relatively few references to Welsh beyond cultural pledges.
Reform has said it would continue supporting events such as the National Eisteddfod and would press the UK Government to maintain funding for the Welsh-language broadcaster S4C.
Despite this, Cymdeithas yr Iaith warned that the wider approach set out in the manifesto could weaken existing structures designed to protect and promote the language.
Farage also used the Newport event to claim that Reform could challenge the long-standing dominance of the Welsh Labour in Welsh politics.
The party says its manifesto represents a plan for significant political change ahead of the next Welsh election.
Language campaigners, however, say the debate highlights continuing tensions over how best to protect the future of Welsh while ensuring policies reflect the realities facing communities across Wales.
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