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Cymraeg

Dirgelwch Dewi Emrys

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dewi emosSUT DDYN oedd y bardd Dewi Emrys Yr oedd y cwestiwn Gofynnwyd gan y ddrama Dewi Emrys: Cythraul yr Awen ddydd Sul diwethaf ar S4C. Yr oedd y cwestiwn Gofynnwyd gan y ddrama Dewi Emrys: Cythraul yr Awen ddydd Sul diwethaf ar S4C. Mewn rhifyn arbennig o Pethe ar ddydd Mawrth, edrychodd Twm Morys i mewn i leoliad y barddol yn cadeirio enillodd Dewi Emrys 

Galwodd Dewi Emrys (1881- 1952) ei gymeriad yn ‘gerddorfa o gymhlethdod’, ac yn Dewi Emrys: Cythraul yr Awen byddwn yn gweld pam roedd bywyd Dewi mor helbulus. Bydd cyfraniadau gan rai oedd yn adnabod Dewi a chawn glywed eu hargraffiadau nhw o’r bardd oedd yn dod o Gei Newydd yn wreiddiol, ond a symudodd i Sir Benfro pan oedd yn saith oed. Aeth i’r ysgol ym Mhencaer ac Ysgol Ramadeg Jenkins Abergwaun cyn mynd fel prentis newyddiadurwr a chysodwr ar y County Echo yn y dre honno. Ar ôl marwolaeth ei dad, symudodd y teulu i Gaerfyrddin ac aeth Dewi i weithio ar y Carmarthen Journal. Yn1903, fodd bynnag, aeth i Goleg Presbyteraidd a dilyn llwybr ei dad i’r weinidogaeth. Ar ôl y Rhyfel Mawr, ceisiodd Dewi wneud bywoliaeth o’i newyddiaduriaeth drachefn. Er iddo werthu sawl darn i olygyddion Stryd y Fflyd, aeth pethau o chwith iddo, a threuliodd sawl noson dan y sêr ar lannau Tafwys. Cefnodd Cymry Llundain arno, y cyn-bregethwr a oedd erbyn hyn i’w weld yn canu y tu allan i’r eglwysi, a’i gap yn ei ddwylo. Yn 1926, fodd bynnag, daeth tro ar fyd i Dewi, pan enillodd y Goron yn Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Abertawe gyda chasgliad o gerddi Rhigymau’r Ffordd Fawr. Yn yr un Eisteddfod, enillodd ar gystadleuaeth Darn o Farddoniaeth mewn tafodiaith gyda’r gerdd a fyddai’n dod yn un o’i weithiau mwya adnabyddus, “Pwllderi”. Yn sgil ei lwyddiant, daeth ei wraig i chwilio amdano yn Abertawe, gan fod Dewi heb dalu tuag at gynnal ei deulu ers blynyddoedd. Fel canlyniad bu rhaid i Ddewi roi’r arian a enillwyd yn yr Eisteddfod i Cissie, casglu mwy gan ei ffrindiau, a hyd yn oed rhoi ei goron newydd mewn pawn shop yn Abertawe. Aeth Dewi Emrys ymlaen i ennill y Gadair yn y Genedlaethol bedair gwaith, yn Lerpwl, 1929 (“Dafydd ap Gwilym”), Llanelli, 1930 (“Y Galilead”), Bangor, 1943 (“Cymylau amser”), a Phen-y-bont ar Ogwr 1948, (“Yr alltud”). Mae sawl Cymro wedi galw’r bardd Dewi Emrys yn arwr ac yn gymeriad rhamantaidd. Ond roedd yn gymeriad dadleuol yn ei gyfnod, ac yn dadlau â sawl un. Ond meddai Emyr Llew am Dewi, “Fe oedd gelyn mwyaf ei hunan.” Un person oedd yn adnabod Dewi orau, oedd ei ferch Dwynwen. Mae Dwynwen bellach wedi newid ei henw i Nina Watkins, ac yn byw yn Ne Lloegr. Dywed fod ei magwraeth wedi bod yn gyfnod anodd iddi hi. “Roedd e’n amser trawmatig iawn i mi, a chefais nifer o brofiadau negyddol.” Dyma’r tro cyntaf i Nina Watkins siarad yn agored am ei thad, ac mae’r hyn mae hi’n ei ddweud yn gwrthddweud y fytholeg ramantaidd am Dewi. Cafodd fywyd lliwgar iawn, treuliodd gyfnod fel gweinidog ac fel cardotyn ar hyd strydoedd Llundain, ac roedd yn ferchetwr o fri. Ond yn ôl Nina, “Doedd e ddim yn dad da iawn.” Mae Dewi Emrys: Cythraul yr Awen yn dramateiddio perthynas Dewi gyda dwy fenyw oedd wedi dylanwadu’n enfawr ar Dewi. Y ddwy oedd Dilys Cadwaladr, mam Nina; ac Eluned Phillips, cyfaill Dewi. Bydd Sharon Morgan yn actio Eluned Phillips, a Judith Humphreys yn chwarae Dilys Cadwaladr. Profiad arbennig i Judith Humphreys oedd actio Dilys Cadwaladr, disgrifia Judith, sydd yn byw ym Mhenygroes yn Nyffryn Nantlle, fywyd a phersonoliaeth Dilys fel un “cymleth.” Dywed Judith iddi hi fwyhau dysgu am elfennau o’r cyfnod, ac am hanes bywyd Dilys a Dewi; “Roedd hi’n gyfle gwych i mi ddysgu am hanes y cyfnod, a hanes bardd mawr o’r cyfnod. Roedd hi’n braf i gael perpectif merch ar y cyfan, ac roedd Dilys yn ferch ddeallus, a chlyfar. Roedd hi hefyd yn fraint i gael y cyfle i bortreadu person oedd a sawl elfen i’w phersonoliaeth. Roedd hi’n berson sensitif, trist, dyrys a chymleth.” Roedd Dilys hefyd yn fardd, a hi oedd y ferch gyntaf i ennill y gadair yn Eisteddfod Genedlaethol y Rhyl yn 1953. Ond roedd ei pherthynas hi a Dewi hefyd yn un cymleth yn ôl Judith; “Roedden nhw’n byw yn dlawd iawn. Roedd Dewi yn berson bregus, ac roedd hi eisiau ei achub o, ac edrych ar ei ôl o, a’i helpu gyda’i ansicrwydd . Roedd hi yn edmygu ei allu a’i ddoniau yn fawr.” Roedd Eluned Phillips hefyd wedi gwirioni ar Dewi Emrys yn ôl Sharon Morgan, sy’n portreadu Eluned yn Dewi Emrys: Cythraul yr Awen. “Dwi’n meddwl ei bod hi a Dewi yn gymeriadau tebyg, fel sgwennwyr a hefyd dau o’dd yn casau culni a rhagfarn y ‘sefydliad. Dwi’n meddwl ei bod hi’n ei edmygu fe fel merch ifanc yr adeg, wedi gwirioni ar y rebel ynddo, ond yna nes ymlaen dwi’n meddwl bod ei perthynas yn fwy cydradd. Dwi ddim yn meddwl ei bod hi’n berthynas rhywiol ar unryw adeg” dywed Sharon. Ond roedd portreadu Eluned Phillips, enillodd y goron ddwy waith un waith yn Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Bala yn 1967 ac Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Llangefni 1983, yn her yn ôl Sharon Morgan “O’dd e’n her ac yn fraint ymgeisio i bortreadu person goiawn, bydd amryw yn cofio, o’dd yn gymeriad mor unigryw, a hefyd mewn cyfnod penodol, sef y 70au.” Bydd y bardd Twm Morys, yn clywed bod Dewi Emrys yn un o ddau fardd i ennill pedair cadair yn yr Eisteddfod, Dyfed oedd y bardd arall. Oherwydd ei lwyddiant ysgytwol ef, penderfynodd yr Eisteddfod newid y rheol, a dim ond dwy gadair gall prifeirdd Cymru eu hennill bellach. Ond er i Dewi ennill y nifer fwyaf o gadeiriau, ef hefyd oedd y bardd a gollodd y fwyaf o gadeiriau. “Un go flêr oedd Dewi Emrys yn methu dal gafael ar swydd na chartref yn hir, yn cysgu weithiau mewn clawdd ar stryd, ac mi werthodd yr unig goron Eisteddfod yr enillodd o er mwyn talu ei ddyledion” dywed Twm Morys. Yn Eisteddfod Llanelli 1930, enillodd Dewi Emrys gadair yr ŵyl am ei bryddest ‘Y Galilead’. Ond yn gynnar wedi ei fuddugoliaeth aeth y gadair hon ar goll. Ac mae’r un yn wir am gadeiriau ei awdlau buddugol yn Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Lerpwl (1929), Bangor (1943) a Phen-y-bont ar Ogwr (1948). Bydd taith Twm Morys a’r Cadeiriau Coll yn ei arwain ar hyd Cymru a thu hwnt. O dafarn i ysbyty, o gastell i neuadd ddinesig, aiff ar drywydd cadeiriau Dewi Emrys a nifer o feirdd eraill. Bu farw yn Aberystwyth ym mis Medi, 1952, a chafodd ei gladdu ym mynwent Capel Pisgah, ar bwys Talgarreg. Dywedodd ei gyfaill, y Prifardd T. Llew Jones am yr achlysur: “Bu farw Dewi Emrys yn ysbyty Aberystwyth ar Fedi’r 20fed 1952 a chladdwyd ef ym mynwent Pisgah, Talgarreg. Ychydig iawn o bobl a welodd yn dda i ddod i’r angladd. Yn wir, roedd y capel yn hanner gwag.” Mae cofeb i hyn mwyaf cythryblus o feirdd yn sefyll ar Pwllderi, o ba le y cymerodd ei ysbrydoliaeth mwyaf

 

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Cymraeg

Everyday spaces key to future of Welsh language

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EVERYDAY use of the Welsh language must extend beyond classrooms into workplaces, communities and online spaces if it is to thrive, according to a new report.

The study, published by the Commission for Welsh-speaking Communities, highlights the need for greater investment in the social, cultural and digital environments where people live their daily lives.

The report, Cymraeg in every community: strengthening the Welsh language, focuses on areas where fewer than 40% of people speak Welsh. It examines how the language can become a more natural part of everyday life in these communities.

The Commission says that while education remains vital, it cannot carry the responsibility alone. Young people must have opportunities to use Welsh outside school, particularly in activities they enjoy such as sport, youth groups and cultural events.

Among its recommendations is the creation of a dedicated fund to boost Welsh-language content online, including support for young people producing digital media in Welsh.

The report builds on earlier work published in August 2024, which focused on areas with higher numbers of Welsh speakers.

Commission co-chair Dr Simon Brooks said: “To ensure Welsh is a national language that belongs to us all, its future as a community language must be secured in every part of Wales. We urge the next Welsh Government to act on these recommendations with ambition.”

Co-chair Professor Elin Haf Gruffydd Jones added that there is strong appetite to use Welsh, but a lack of spaces to do so.

She said: “More than half of Welsh speakers live in areas where fewer than 40% of people speak the language. Public policy must create the right conditions for Welsh to flourish in everyday settings, with real investment in the spaces where people spend their time.”

She also pointed to international examples, including the Basque Country, where communities have actively created environments for their language to be used naturally.

Cabinet Secretary for Finance and the Welsh Language, Mark Drakeford, said the Welsh Government remained committed to its target of one million Welsh speakers by 2050.

He said: “Significant progress has already been made, with 17 recommendations from the Commission’s first report implemented during this Senedd term. This latest report provides a strong foundation to build on that momentum.”

 

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Cymraeg

National Eisteddfod unveils legacy framework to boost Welsh language and communities

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A NEW national framework aimed at securing a lasting legacy from the National Eisteddfod has been published jointly by the festival’s organisers and the Welsh Government.

The plan sets out how the Eisteddfod’s impact will be strengthened before, during and after each annual event, bringing together partners from across education, community development, culture, the economy and the Welsh language sector.

While each Eisteddfod reflects the identity of its host community, the framework aims to ensure long-term benefits are consistently delivered nationwide, rather than limited to the festival period.

The legacy programme will cover a wide range of areas including education, inclusion, digital innovation, volunteering and economic development, with new national and local structures designed to coordinate delivery more effectively.

A national project board will oversee the strategy, setting direction and sharing best practice year-on-year. At a local level, a steering group will drive community-based work, helping turn the Eisteddfod into a catalyst for lasting change.

Cabinet Secretary for Finance and the Welsh Language, Mark Drakeford said the festival’s impact goes far beyond a single week.

“The Eisteddfod is far more than a week-long festival. It is a multi-year project that leaves a lasting legacy for the Welsh language and culture in the area,” he said.

“By bringing together partners from across key sectors, this framework will help deliver real and lasting change for our communities and support our ambition of reaching a million Welsh speakers by 2050.”

Nic Parry, President of the Eisteddfod Court and Chair of its Management Board, said the framework strengthens collaboration at both local and national level.

“It allows us to deliver on a long-held ambition to drive language planning through the lens of the National Eisteddfod,” he said.

“It also positions the Eisteddfod as a powerful tool for boosting local economies and supporting sustainable communities for future generations.”

Further details are expected later this year, with membership of the national project board due to be confirmed by mid-June.

A dedicated session at this year’s Eisteddfod will also gather evidence from the 2026 host area to help shape future plans for 2027 and 2028.

More information is available via the Eisteddfod’s legacy framework online.

 

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Cymraeg

Pembrokeshire tutors part of Welsh learning boom as numbers hit record high

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Local success stories highlight surge as more than 20,000 people learn Welsh across Wales

A PEMBROKESHIRE-BASED Welsh tutor who once learned the language as an adult is now helping others follow in his footsteps — as new figures reveal a record number of people learning Welsh across Wales.

David Thomas, who teaches with Learn Welsh Pembrokeshire, began learning the language in 2016 after returning to Wales from London. He went on to win Welsh Learner of the Year at the AmGen Eisteddfod in 2021 and now teaches beginner courses locally.

Welsh teacher David Thomas (Pic: Huw John)

He is joined by fellow tutor Gwilym Morgan, a Cardiff University student who teaches online courses while running his own business.

Their journeys come as new data shows that 20,445 people completed Welsh courses in 2024–2025 — the highest number ever recorded.

Figures released on Monday (Mar 17) by the National Centre for Learning Welsh show a 12% rise on the previous year, and a 61% increase since records began in 2017–2018.

The growth is being driven in part by flexible learning options and targeted programmes, including a major expansion in workplace training.

Nearly four in ten learners (39%) are now learning Welsh through their jobs — a total of 8,370 people — particularly in sectors such as health, social care and education.

Education watchdog Estyn has described the Centre as “one of the cornerstones of linguistic planning initiatives in the workplace.”

There has also been a sharp rise in younger learners. In 2024–2025, 4,110 people aged sixteen to twenty-four took part — a 56% increase on the previous year and a 483% rise since 2018–2019.

Overall, 17,350 learners were aged between sixteen and sixty-four.

Learners are also engaging more deeply, completing 34,960 learning activities over the year — up 12% on 2023–2024.

Dona Lewis, Chief Executive of the National Centre for Learning Welsh, said: “We’re delighted with these latest figures, which show consistent, steady growth in the number of people learning Welsh.

“The figures reflect the Centre’s strategic planning and the way it uses its expertise to reach new audiences — particularly in workplaces — supporting our aim of creating more Welsh speakers.”

Speaking about his own journey, David said learning Welsh had been life-changing.

“As someone who learned Welsh as an adult, I see it as a gateway to the whole culture of Wales,” he said.

“I know what it feels like to be in the classroom, so being able to introduce others to the language — and hopefully give them a positive experience — is really special.”

The National Centre for Learning Welsh leads the adult Welsh learning sector, working with providers across Wales to deliver courses ranging from beginner to advanced level, both in person and online.

 

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